Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L.

Abstract

Abstract. Ilham M,Mukarromah SR, Rakashiwi GA, Indriati DT, Yoku BF, Purnama PR, Junairiah, Prasongsuk S,Purnobasuki H, Wahyuni DK. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterizationand DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L. Biodiversitas 23: 1958-1969. One of the important things to study the distribution of secondary metabolites in the plant body is to carry out the identification process. Morphological markers have several limitations to recognize plants, therefore supporting data is needed so that the information becomes more comprehensive. This study aims to identify Achillea millefolium L. based on morphological, anatomical, and DNA barcoding markers to obtain specific data and avoid confusion. Morphological studies were carried out descriptively using vegetative organs, while anatomical studies of rhizomes, stems, and leaves used the paraffin method. The DNA barcoding was performed by analyzinggenes from 3 different individuals. The research was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the partial gene in the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylaselarge subunit (rbcL) regions and maturase-K (matK). The results showed that the plant had taproots, short stems due to root rosette and the leaves were double compound. The rhizome and stem tissues had almost the same structure, while the leaves had a tissue arrangement that was similar to other plants in general, except that the mesophyll tissue was undifferentiated. The results of DNA barcoding showed a percentage of identity above 98% for both the rbcLand matK genes.

Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcode of Cosmos caudatus Kunth.

“…The rbcL gene has a size of approximately 500 bp (Figure 4A) and matK has a size of approximately 750 bp (Figure 4B). The visualization results are not much different from the research conducted by Ilham et al (2022), in which rbcL gene in Achillea millefolium has a size of approximately 500 bp and matK has a size of 750 bp. Those studies used the same primer, which was also used by Wahyuni et al (2019).…”

“…The three samples of C. caudatus in Figures 6A and 6B are located in the same group with identical branch lengths. Furthermore, identical branch sizes between taxa groups showed no significant changes in nucleotide sequence (Ilham et al 2022), so it can be considered to have a very close genetic relationship. This result is in accordance with Anzani et al (2021) that groups of taxa located in the same branch have a very close level of relationship.…”

“…The cortical tissue which lies beneath the epidermis comprises parenchyma cells with rectangular form. The transported tissue of C. caudatus is of the open collateral type (Jannah et al 2021), consisting of several continuous bundles and distributed in a single ring (Santos et al 2016) with the interfascicular cambium existing between the xylem and phloem (Ilham et al 2022). The deepest portion of the stem is made up of pith tissue, just like roots.…”

“…Wahyuni et al (2019) add that secondary metabolites can be found in specific areas of plant organs. To comprehend the location of cells that store the secondary metabolites, anatomical research is necessary (Ilham et al 2022), since anatomical characteristics can also help identify plants. Therefore, its values are crucial for classifying plants.…”

“…Plant identification should be conducted using several characters, including morphological and molecular data to avoid ambiguous understanding, mainly when studying plant biological systems in pharmaceutical aspects (Wahyuni et al 2019;Ilham et al 2022). This study aimed to confirm and identify C. caudatus using morpho-anatomy and DNA barcoding.…”