Morning and afternoon appetite and gut hormone responses to meal and stress challenges in obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder

Carnell, Susan; Grillot, Charlotte; Ungredda, Tatiana; Ellis, Stephanie; Mehta, Nandini; Holst, Jens J.; Geliebter, Allan

doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.307

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In that study, Scheer and colleagues found that levels of subjective hunger, independent of the wakefulness/sleep cycle, and thus the feeding/fasting cycle, follow a circadian rhythm such that individuals are most hungry in the evening hours and least hungry in the early morning hours ( 34 ). Carnell and colleagues have also shown a diurnal rhythm to hunger levels in obese individuals, with subjective hunger being higher in the evening as compared to the morning hours, coinciding with lower levels of peptide YY (satiety hormone) and higher levels of ghrelin ( 46 ). Our subjective hunger results display a similar peak (~1900 hours) and trough (~0700 hours), but we now add the additional findings that CSR does not impact this rhythm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Insufficient Sleep Has a Limited Impact on Circadian Rhythmicity of Subjective Hunger and Awakening Fasted Metabolic Hormones

et al. 2018

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Weight gain and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in modern society. Insufficient sleep—which is also prevalent in modern society—and eating at inappropriate circadian times have been identified as risk factors for weight gain, yet the impact of chronic insufficient sleep on the circadian timing of subjective hunger and physiologic metabolic outcomes are not well understood. We investigated how chronic insufficient sleep impacts the circadian timing of subjective hunger and fasting metabolic hormones in a 32-day in-laboratory randomized single-blind control study, with healthy younger participants (range, 20–34 years) randomized to either Control (1:2 sleep:wake ratio, 6.67 h sleep:13.33 h wake, n = 7, equivalent to 8 h of sleep per 24 h) or chronic sleep restriction (CSR, 1:3.3 sleep:wake ratio, 4.67 h sleep:15.33 h wake, n = 8, equivalent to 5.6 h of sleep per 24 h) conditions. Participants lived on a “20 h day” designed to distribute all behaviors and food intake equally across all phases of the circadian cycle over every six consecutive 20 h protocol days. During each 20 h day, participants were provided a nutritionist-designed, isocaloric diet consisting of 45–50% carbohydrate, 30–35% fat, and 15–20% protein adjusted for sex, weight, and age. Subjective non-numeric ratings of hunger were recorded before and after meals and fasting blood samples were taken within 5 min of awakening. Subjective levels of hunger and fasting concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, glucose, adiponectin, and cortisol all demonstrated circadian patterns; there were no differences, however, between CSR and Control conditions in subjective hunger ratings or any fasting hormone concentrations. These findings suggest that chronic insufficient sleep may have a limited role in altering the robust circadian profile of subjective hunger and fasted metabolic hormones.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe study was registered as clinical trial #NCT01581125.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Insufficient Sleep Has a Limited Impact on Circadian Rhythmicity of Subjective Hunger and Awakening Fasted Metabolic Hormones

et al. 2018

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“…A growing body of pre-clinical and clinical work has elucidated the reinforcing role of endogenous neuroendocrine signals in the reward-dependency aspect of hedonic eating [77][78][79]. In this context, it is well established that levels of the predominant orexigenic neuroendocrine signal, ghrelin, are environmentally influenced and are differentially modulated in clinically obese and underweight populations [80].…”

Section: Potential Neurobiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that those presenting with AN have increased total plasma ghrelin levels, while those presenting with BN display increased and/or unchanged total plasma ghrelin levels relative to healthy controls [81,82]. Certain studies suggest that obese BED patients have lower plasma ghrelin levels [77], whereas other studies suggest that ghrelin levels in obese BED patients are unremarkable relative to controls [78]. Furthermore, recent clinical work from Landgren et al suggests a genetic basis between ghrelin and ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) gene variation, body mass, and alcohol use [79].…”

Section: Potential Neurobiological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking

Brutman

Davis

Sirohi

2020

CPD

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A complex interplay of peripheral and central signaling mechanisms within the body of an organism maintains energy homeostasis. In addition, energy/food intake is modified by various external factors (e.g., palatability, food availability, social and environmental triggers). Highly palatable foods can provoke maladaptive feeding behavior, which in turn disrupts normal homeostatic regulation resulting in numerous health consequences. Furthermore, neuroendocrine peptides, traditionally considered to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis, also control the intake and reinforcing properties of alcohol and drugs of abuse. Therefore, dysregulated eating as a result of a hedonic/binge-like intake of hyper-palatable food may impact alcohol drinking behavior. Relevant in this case is the fact that eating disorders are highly comorbid with several neuropsychiatric conditions, including alcohol use disorder. The present review is intended to summarize the neurobiological and functional consequences of hedonic feeding on alcohol intake.

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“…Whether this is also the case for BED is debatable, since the number of studies is more limited. The majority of studies report a blunted response in BN and BED following acute stress (Carnell et al, 2018;Culbert et al, 2016;Ginty et al, 2012;Het et al, 2015b;Koo-Loeb et al, 1998;Naish et al, 2018;Rosenberg et al, 2013;Vaz-Leal et al, 2018;Wierenga et al, 2018), but not all do (Coutinho et al, 2007;Vannucci et al, 2015). This blunted reactivity is also positively associated with binge-eating severity in BED (Coutinho et al, 2007) and an increase in the desire to eat after acute stress exposure (Rosenberg et al, 2013).…”

Section: Negative Affect and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric and connectivity changes in brain networks associated with reward sensitivity, cognitive control, and negative affect in binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa

Hartogsveld¹,

Cw²,

P³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Binging disorders are characterized by episodes of eating large amounts of food whilst experiencing a loss of control. Recent studies suggest that the underlying causes of these binging disorders consist of a complex system of environmental cues, different processing of food stimuli, altered behavioral responding, and brain changes. We propose that task-independent volumetric and connectivity changes in the brain are highly related to altered functioning in reward sensitivity, cognitive control, and negative affect, which in turn promotes and conserves binging behavior. We here review imaging studies and show that volume and connectivity changes in the orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, insula and amygdala overlap with distorted brain activation associated with increased reward sensitivity, decreased cognitive control, and distorted responses to negative affect or stress seen in binging disorder. Future research integrating both task-based and task-independent neuroimaging approaches therefore shows considerable promise in clarifying binging behavior. We provide suggestions for how this integration may guide future research and inform novel brain-based treatment options in binging disorders.

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Morning and afternoon appetite and gut hormone responses to meal and stress challenges in obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder

Abstract: Afternoon/evening may be a high-risk period for overeating, particularly when paired with stress exposure, and for those with binge eating.

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Chronic Insufficient Sleep Has a Limited Impact on Circadian Rhythmicity of Subjective Hunger and Awakening Fasted Metabolic Hormones

Chronic Insufficient Sleep Has a Limited Impact on Circadian Rhythmicity of Subjective Hunger and Awakening Fasted Metabolic Hormones

Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking

Volumetric and connectivity changes in brain networks associated with reward sensitivity, cognitive control, and negative affect in binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa

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