Morfodinamika Jangka Pendek Pendangkalan Di Alur Pelayaran Barito, Kalimantan Selatan

Abstract

Potensi sumber daya mineral di pulau Kalimantan pada umumnya berada di hulu-hulu sungai yang relatif jauh dari pantai. Potensi ini pada umumnya telah dieksplorasi bahkan dieksploitasi, namun kendala yang umum dihadapi adalah pengangkutan hasil tambang tersebut. Keterbatasan sarana dan prasaran transportasi darat akibat kondisi alam yang berawa sehingga menyebabkan pilihan jatuh kepada transportasi sungai yang lebih murah efektif dan efisien. Kendala yang umum terjadi pada system transportasi melalui sungai adalah pendangkalan di alur masuk dan muara sungai, oleh karena itu diperlukan pengerukan untuk pendalaman alur pelayaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perubahan morfologi akibat sedimen yang menyebabkan pendangkalan dan penyempitan pada muara Sungai Barito. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk analisis perubahan morfodinamika dilakukan dengan bantuan simulasi model numerik dengan menggunakan software Delft3D. Berdasarkan simulasi model morfodinamika Delft 3D, maka dapat diketahui sedimentasi tertinggi terjadi pada areal lokasi sekitar muara Sungai Barito, dimana terjadi pendangkalan sampai sebesar 1,2 meter per-tahun. Sedangkan pada bagian selatan alur pelayaran terjadi penyempitan sebesar 300-400 meter per tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi morfologi sangat dipengaruhi oleh debit Sungai Barito. Kata kunci: Morfodinamika, Dasar Laut, Alur Pelayaran, Sungai Barito, Kalimantan Selatan, Delft3D, Pemodelan erosi dan sedimentasi The potency of mineral reserves in Kalimantan Island has mostly located at the upstream area that is quiet far from the coastline. Generally, the mineral potency have been explored and sometime exploited, however the most common problem in this system is how to transport of those reserves. The limitation of onland facilities and infrastructures due to swampy area caused the river transportation is the cheapest, affective and efficient choosen alternative. However, the most common constraints on river transportation systems are silting in the inlet and estuarine. Therefore the dredging is obviously important for deepening of the access channel. The aim of this study is to reveal morphological changes due to sediment transport that is causing silting and narrowing the area around the Barito estuarine. The numerical model using Delft3D is conducted to analyse the morphodynamic changing.Based on the Delft3D model simulation results, the highest sediment deposition occurs at a location near the Barito river estuary, where the sedimentation rate is up to 1.2 meter per year. In the southern part of the navigation canal, the canal width is reduced up to 300-400 meter per year. These indicate that the morphological process at this location highly influenced by the river discharge. Keywords: Morphodynamic, Seabed, Access Channel, Barito River,Delft3d, Erosion and Sedimentation Model

Barito (Indonesia) and Chao Phraya (Thailand) Rivers Cultural Tourism Development Strategies

“…On the other hand this study also found several factor that need to be improved such as settlements on the water have not been organized, leaving a slum and dirty impression (Pradana: 2020); An alarming rate of river silting due to upstream deforestation and waste from settlements on water (Novico: 2017); the condition of the river is also dirty due to the absence of a good waste disposal system from settlements over water (Widiastiti: 2008); lack of supporting infrastructure such as docks, lodging, proper culinary centers in most floating markets; difficult access problems to most floating markets on the Barito River (Pradana: 2020); actions of thuggery and illegal levies that disturb the comfort of tourists (Pradana: 2020); the lack of human resources quality (Normaleni: 2016); limited offered products, and services (Pradana: 2020); most of the boats offered have not prioritized tourist comfort and seem unkempt (Pradana: 2020); and last lack of cultural tourism governance (Pradana: 2020).…”

Domestic Waste Pollution of River Settlements, Banjarmasin City, Indonesia

“…The impact of domestic waste that is directly discharged into rivers can cause silting of river channels in Indonesia (Indrawati, 2011;Marliani, 2015;Zulfahmi et al, 2016). The Barito River is one of the largest and longest rivers in Indonesia undergoing a process of silting due to domestic waste, so it is necessary to periodically dredge because it is a transportation route for passenger ships, cargo, and coal which is very important to support the economy of South Kalimantan Province (Novico et al, 2018). The impact of domestic waste that is directly discharged into the river causes the large cost of clean water treatment that occurs in the Banjarmasin City area, due to factors of physical, chemical, and biological pollution (Auliani, 2011;Budi and Tantyonimpuno, 2006)…”

Effect of Coal Mining on the Abiotic Environment in Pantai Cabe Village, Tapin Selatan District Tapin Regency

“…The rapid erosion process that occurs is increasing the sedimentation process in river basins, resulting in shallowing river flow. This shallowing causes a decrease in the capacity of river basins, so that excess volume of water during the rainy season will overflow out of the river channel and flood the areas around the river channel, while in the dry season the dust is very concentrated floating around the mine road [12].…”