“…In general terms, the ethical theories serve as tools when trying to achieve ethical administration in general and improve ethical behavior of civil servants and holders of public office in particular. The ethical theories inform public employees of the cardinal virtues honesty, responsibility, temperance and courage (Menzel 2005) and of public sector virtues such as benevolence, patience, trustworthiness and loyalty (Menzel 2006), fairness, transparency, responsibility, efficiency, and no conflict of interest (Kinchin 2007). In addition, the ethical theories help the public employees to evaluate the consequences of their actions, to understand the importance of rules, regulations and values, and a specific public service ethos which presupposes that administrators promote the public interest over their own interest and the interest their employers or elected foremen (Menzel 2006).…”