Economic Value Added (EVA) is a value based performance measure that gives importance on value creation by the management for the owners. Profit maximization as a concept is age-old, wealth maximization is matured and value maximization is today's wisdom. Stern Stewart's EVA raises storm in corporate world and gives a new way to think about rewarding management. Usability of EVA largely depends on the quality of accounting information system, as traditional information system will not provide sufficient information to compute true EVA. Thus, EVA is required to be tailored in line with accounting system, management philosophy and the degree of demand of such a system. In this paper, an earnest effort has been made to explain theoretical foundation of EVA with its origination, definition, ways to make it tailored, adjustments required, scope and some other related issues. The methodology used is a type of theoretical mining of logics resulting a step-by-step process required for EVA implementation. As corporate house plans to move from traditional to value based performance measures, EVA would yield good result and the paper may become helpful to them to comprehend the methodology.

The journey to have a common set of accounting standards started long before to give it a professional shape and essence. And accountants all over the world feel the necessity to shorten the gap among different streams of accounting practices through harmonization. Still, we have a couple of strong variants of accounting practices (say, for example, US GAAP, UK GAAP, IAS etc.) over the world existed and practiced simultaneously. These variants are working as threats towards harmonization of accounting practices. However, the profession has also witnessed some improvements in recent years in the process of global convergence putting some ray of hope. International and even local standard setting bodies have come up with projects of harmonization and in most of the cases became successful.The day is not far away when we will observe that accounting world is controlled and guided by a single set of standards giving it a status of legal discipline in true sense. The paper focuses on this harmonization issue, its current status, challenges with special reference to Indian perspective.

Objective: This study deploys an earnest effort to understand the factors that affect the managers involved in managing the portfolio of funding in companies. Capital structure decision is one of the crucial decisions that finance managers have to make. This study tries to identify a host of factors controlling the attitude of finance managers in choosing different sources of financing, as reflected in financials of respected companies. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the data available in different secondary sources (such as the financial statements published by the sampled companies), an exploratory form of research is applied here. The samples for the study are selected from companies which are listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) under pharmaceutical, textile, and banking sectors. Different descriptive and inferential statistical tools are used to present the data and test relevant hypotheses by using statistical package for the social sciences. Findings: Based on the literature review, the study has identified a couple of factors affecting capital structure decision. These factors are replicated in selected Bangladeshi firms to understand their implications. Although the study fails to report any determinants having strong relationship which is statistically significant, the model passes goodness-of-fit test and residual analysis, which shows the presence of normality.Research limitations/implications: The findings of the study could not be generalized due to some inherent limitations of the research. The study only covers selective companies from three sectors, leaving others from the preview of analysis, which limits the scope of the study. However, the findings of the research could be helpful for individual firms to find their status in the recent trend of practicing capital structure decision; thereby they can adopt or revise their policy in this regard. Another major limitation of the study is that, it applies a quantitative form of analysis based on the data published in general purpose financial statements. It would be more beneficial if quantitative findings could be validated through qualitative analysis in order to bring data triangulation which is left for further study. Extending the analysis to cover all the firms listed in DSE can give a better outlook on capital structure issues in Bangladesh.

Research Question: This study will explore how private sector financial management technologies (specifically, risk management system, fraud and corruption control system and internal audit) become embedded in a selected public sector organisation. Motivation: The motivation for this study is to explore how private sector financial management control tools contributed to and shaped new organisational culture within the public sector organisation. Idea: The idea was generated from the philosophy of New Public Management which was based on the premise that using the private sector tools, the public sector would be efficient and at the same time effectiveness would be improved (Chowdhury and Shil, 2017). Data: Qualitative research approach was adopted and data was collected in the case study tradition. Twenty top, mid and junior level executives from a selected Government Department in the Australian Capital Territory were interviewed (Chowdhury and Shil, 2016). Tools: The main data sources were interviews and archival official documents. Another tool used was direct observation which helped researchers to support the archival documents and interview data. Data were analyzed using the approach provided by Miles and Huberman (1994). Findings: Findings of the study revealed that strategic risk management is a part of the business planning life cycle of the researched Department and business units review their strategic risks as part of their business planning process. In the Department it is evident that fraud and corruption control system is a part of their cultural environment. The Department has established an independent Internal Audit and Review Unit, who provides service to management to meet all prescribed statutory responsibilities within a performance improvement environment. Contribution: The findings of the present study are expected to increase our understanding about the private sector control devices used in a public sector context and this study will be of value to the academic researchers and practitioners. The study may be useful to the policy makers also who are engaged in formulating new public sector policies. Moreover, the findings reported on this study would be useful to the public sector managers in their day to day decision-making process.

Corporate environmental reporting becomes a crucial issue in today's corporate reporting. The present status and future focus gives every indication that it is going to capture a permanent position in the bundle of general-purpose financial statement. Because, the corporate reporting is for the stakeholders and every stakeholders show a keen interest on such disclosure. Protecting the environment is the social responsibility and commitment of corporations towards the society. It is believed that corporation is responsible for the environmental crisis and so they should pay for this (cost-benefit trade off). However, reporting is mostly guided by standards, guidelines etc. And, we do not have any standards designed for such disclosure. So, such reporting is still voluntary that has no specific format and style. Voluntary disclosure often leads to non-disclosure and mandatory disclosure leads to minimal disclosure. Thus, environmental disclosure should have both type of orientation, as it is a question of life and sustainability. The paper gives a conceptual discussion on corporate environmental reporting and guidelines. It also gives a literature review of current reporting practices to highlights the developments till date. And, this concludes that the level, extent and style of disclosure are not satisfactory at all in any respect. The professionals and respective regulatory authorities should come forward with stricter standards and guidelines to this issue that is the demand of time.