More Than Just Cleaning: Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis in Fungal Pathogenesis

Cao, Chengjun; Xue, Chaoyang

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.774613

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation is an important regulatory mechanism involved in fungal cell life and host adaptation [ 48 ]. The pathway includes E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 ubiquitin ligases, which transfer ubiquitin to substrates that are then subjected to degradation in the 26S proteasome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence-Associated Genes of Calonectria ilicola, Responsible for Cylindrocladium Black Rot

Chen

Luo

et al. 2022

JoF

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The Cylindrocladium black rot caused by Calonectria ilicicola is a destructive disease affecting a broad range of crops. Herein, we study virulence-associated genes of C. ilicicolaCi14017 isolated from diseased peanut roots (Arachis hypogaea L.). Ci14017 was identified via phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and standard Koch’s postulate testing. Virulence-associated genes were based on genome analyses and comparative analysis of transcriptome and proteome profiles of sensitive and resistant peanut cultivars. Ci14017 identified as C. ilicicola has a 66 Mb chromosome with 18,366 predicted protein-coding genes. Overall, 46 virulence-associated genes with enhanced expression levels in the sensitive cultivars were identified. Sequence analysis indicated that the 46 gene products included two merops proteins, eight carbohydrate-active enzymes, seven cytochrome P450 enzymes, eight lipases, and 20 proteins with multi-conserved enzyme domains. The results indicate a complex infection mechanism employed by Ci14017 for causing Cylindrocladium black rot in peanuts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence-Associated Genes of Calonectria ilicola, Responsible for Cylindrocladium Black Rot

Chen

Luo

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Endocytosis and phagocytosis are two major cellular immune pathways in the honey bee (Aronstein and Murray, 2021). The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a vital part in stress response, host adaptation, and fungal pathogenesis (Cao et al, 2021) Toll, IMD, JAK/STAT, JNK, and insulin, are engaged in insect immunity (Hillyer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endocytosis and phagocytosis are two major cellular immune pathways in the honey bee (Aronstein and Murray, 2021). The ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a vital part in stress response, host adaptation, and fungal pathogenesis (Cao et al, 2021). Here, we observed that 83, 87, and 123 DEpiRNAs in 4-, 5, and 6-day-old A. apis -inoculated larval guts potentially targeted 109, 107, and 108 genes relative to endocytosis; 78, 89, and 122 DEpiRNAs targeted 83, 80, and 86 targets associated with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis; 79, 84, and 111 DEpiRNAs targeted 63, 62, and 64 targets associated with lysosome; while 31, 41, and 48 DEpiRNAs targeted 16, 14, and 18 targets associated with metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression patterns and potential regulatory function of piRNAs in western honey bee larval response toAscosphaera apisinfestation

Sun

Long

Fan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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piRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that play an essential part in genomic defense, as well as in modulation of gene expression and diverse biological processes such as host-pathogen interaction. However, little is known about the expression pattern of the regulatory function of piRNAs in interactions between honey bees and pathogens. In this work, on the basis of our previously obtained high-quality small RNA-seq datasets from western honey bee (Apis mellifera) larval guts, the differential expression profile of piRNAs in A. mellifera larval guts after Ascosphaera apis infestation was analyzed, followed by structural characterization, target prediction, and regulatory network investigation. The potential roles of differentially expressed piRNAs (DEpiRNAs) in regulating host response, especially immune response, were further discussed. In this study, 504, 657, and 587 piRNAs were respectively identified in the 4-, 5-, and 6-day-old larval guts infected by A. apis, with 411 (53.24%) piRNAs shared. The length distribution of these piRNAs ranged from 24 nt to 33 nt and their first base had a C bias, similar to piRNAs discovered in other mammals and insects. Additionally, 96, 103, and 143 DEpiRNAs were detected in the 4-, 5-, and 6-day-old comparison groups; among these, piR-ame-149736, piR-ame-1066173, and piR-ame-1125190 were the most up-regulated, while piR-ame-1202932 was the most down-regulated. There were 68 DEpiRNAs shared between these three comparison groups. The targets of the DEpiRNAs in the three comparison groups were engaged in a suite of crucial functions associated with biological processes, molecular function, and cellular components, including molecular transducer activity, biological regulation, and membrane part. These targets were also relevant to diverse vital pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, inositol phosphate metabolism, and Wnt signaling pathway. Further investigation demonstrated that targets of DEpiRNAs were involved in three energy metabolism-related pathways, seven development-associated signaling pathways, and seven immune-relevant pathways, including lysosome and endocytosis, as well as the MAPK and Jak-STAT signaling pathways. The expression trends of five randomly selected DEpiRNAs were verified using a combination of RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Moreover, the expression levels of six genes targeted by piR-ame-945760 were detected by RT-qPCR, with the results showing that their expression trends were the same as the expression trend of piR-ame-945760, indicative of the positive correlation between piR-ame-945760 and these targets. These results suggest that A.apis infestation increased the overall expression level of piRNAs and altered the expression pattern of piRNAs in A. mellifera larval guts. DEpiRNAs potentially participate in the A. apis response of the host by modulating the expression of target genes associated with energy metabolism and development, as well as cellular and humoral immune response. Our findings not only offer novel insights into A. mellifera larva-A. apis interaction, but also lay the groundwork for clarifying the mechanisms underlying DEpiRNA-regulated larval response.

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“…The functions of ubiquitination or ubiquitin-like modification have been widely revealed in both human fungal pathogens ( C. albicans and C. neoformans ) and plant fungal pathogens ( M. oryzae , Fusarium oxysporum, and Cryphonectria parasitica ) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In fungal pathogens, the role of ubiquitination has been studied by analyzing ubiquitin-related genes, and it was found that ubiquitination played important roles in fungal development, stress resistance, nutrient utilization, and fungal virulence [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 27 ].…”

Section: Biological Functions Of Dubs In Different Pathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the function of ubiquitination has been well revealed [ 17 , 18 ], deubiquitination mediated by DUBs has not been well summarized in pathogenic fungi. On the one hand, similar to ubiquitination, the biological functions of DUBs are quite different.…”

Section: Biological Functions Of Dubs In Different Pathogenic Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Human and Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2022

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In eukaryotic cells, a large number of proteins are modified by ubiquitination, which leads to proteasomal degradation or change in protein function. The protein ubiquitination process can be reversed by a process called deubiquitination, which plays an important regulatory mechanism in cellular control. Deubiquitination is catalyzed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs); the cysteine proteases specifically cleave off ubiquitin from ubiquitinated substrates or ubiquitin precursors. Over the past two decades, components of different DUB families have been found to play important roles in both human and plant pathogenic fungi. Given the importance of DUBs for fungal development and virulence, in this review, we concentrate on recent findings and new insights into the roles of DUBs in different fungal pathogens, with a focus on infection-related morphogenesis and virulence, as well as their roles in development and stress response. We also summarize the DUBs-mediated regulatory mechanisms during the above processes. These findings should allow us to develop novel inhibitors to control fungal pathogens.

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More Than Just Cleaning: Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis in Fungal Pathogenesis

Cited by 16 publications

References 170 publications

Virulence-Associated Genes of Calonectria ilicola, Responsible for Cylindrocladium Black Rot

Virulence-Associated Genes of Calonectria ilicola, Responsible for Cylindrocladium Black Rot

Differential expression patterns and potential regulatory function of piRNAs in western honey bee larval response toAscosphaera apisinfestation

Recent Progress of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Human and Plant Pathogenic Fungi

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