More than just a common cold: Endemic coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E associated with severe acute respiratory infection and fatality cases among healthy adults

Background: Estimates of community spread and infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19 have varied across studies. Efforts to synthesize the evidence reach seemingly discrepant conclusions. Methods: Systematic evaluations of seroprevalence studies that had no restrictions based on country and which estimated either total number of people infected and/or aggregate IFRs were identified. Information was extracted and compared on eligibility criteria, searches, amount of evidence included, corrections/adjustments of seroprevalence and death counts, quantitative syntheses and handling of heterogeneity, main estimates and global representativeness. Results: Six systematic evaluations were eligible. Each combined data from 10 to 338 studies (9-50 countries), because of different eligibility criteria. Two evaluations Highlights SUPPORTING INFORMATION Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Ioannidis JPA. Reconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates of COVID-19: An overview of systematic evaluations. Eur

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“…IFR will depend on settings and populations involved. For example, even ‘common cold’ coronaviruses have IFR~10% in nursing home outbreaks 79 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates of COVID‐19: An overview of systematic evaluations

Ioannidis

2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

105

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“…The highly transmissible human pathogen IAV mainly attacks human respiratory epithelium with its hemagglutinin binding with sialic acid to initiate endocytosis [18]. Severe symptoms after IAV infection are commonly found in the infant, elderly, pregnant, as well as the immunocompromised populations [19][20][21][22]. IAV can cause serious pandemics in a short time, with shocking and heart-wrenching facts in history, e.g., the 1918 Great Influenza killed almost 1/30 of the global population only in 1.5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by olaparib ameliorates influenza-virus-induced pneumonia in mice

Liu

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Treatments against influenza A viruses (IAV) have to be updated regularly due to antigenic drift and drug resistance. Poly (ADPribose) polymerases (PARPs) are considered effective therapeutic targets of acute lung inflammatory injury. This study aimed to explore the effects of PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib on IAV-induced lung injury and the underlying mechanisms. Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice were intranasally infected with IAV strain H1N1 to mimic pneumonia experimentally. Olaparib at different doses was intraperitoneally injected 2 days before and 5 consecutive days after virus stimulation. On day 6 post-infection, lung tissues as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were sampled for histological and biochemical analyses. Olaparib increased the survival rate of IAV mice dose-dependently. Olaparib remarkably reduced IAV mRNA expression, myeloperoxidase (MPO) level, and inflammatory cell infiltration in IAV lungs. Moreover, olaparib significantly reduced the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and IL-4 and increased IL-10 in IAV lungs. Also, olaparib efficiently reduced IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), TNF-α, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL10, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)3, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) release in IAV BALF. Olaparib decreased PARylated protein content and p65, IκBα phosphorylation in IAV lung tissues. This study successfully constructed the pneumonia murine model using IAV. Olaparib decreased IAV-induced mortality in mice, lung injury, and cytokine production possibly via modulation of PARP-1/NF-κB axis.

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“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is now being a disaster, as of November 3, 2020, the World Health Organization have reported 46 million cases and 1.2 million deaths globally 1 . Studies have reported that respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, varicella, herpes zoster, rubella, and measles are suppressed during the fight against the pandemic of COVID‐19, 2–4 and the respiratory infection 5 . However, while schools in Guangzhou have been reopened, we have monitored several outbreaks of unknown fever, and later proved to be human rhinovirus (HRV) infections.…”

Section: Characteristics School a School B School C School D School Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus remains prevalent in school teenagers during fight against COVID‐19 pandemic

Sun

et al. 2020

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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More than just a common cold: Endemic coronaviruses OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E associated with severe acute respiratory infection and fatality cases among healthy adults

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Reconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates of COVID‐19: An overview of systematic evaluations

Reconciling estimates of global spread and infection fatality rates of COVID‐19: An overview of systematic evaluations

Pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by olaparib ameliorates influenza-virus-induced pneumonia in mice

Rhinovirus remains prevalent in school teenagers during fight against COVID‐19 pandemic

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