Rhinovirus remains prevalent in school teenagers during fight against COVID‐19 pandemic

Wu, Di; Lu, Jianyun; Sun, Zhangyu; Cao, Lingfeng; Zeng, Qing; Li, Qun; Wu, Tiantian; Yang, Zhicong

doi:10.1002/iid3.381

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…While RSV and flu seems almost absent, HRV infections remained and became prevalent, as previously reported by Wu et al [14]. According to Takashita et al [15], nonpharmaceutical intervention, such as environment disinfection, were responsible of enveloped respiratory virus reduction (flu and RSV), but had less effect on non-enveloped viruses circulation, such as Rhinoviruses, which are relatively resistant to ethanol containing disinfectant [16] and survive longer on surfaces [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Disappearance of Respiratory Viruses in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vittucci

Piccioni

Coltella

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Social distancing measures are used to reduce the spreading of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of local restrictions on the transmission of respiratory virus infections. Methods: we retrospectively analyzed the nasopharyngeal samples of all patients (0–18 years old) admitted with respiratory symptoms in a large Italian tertiary hospital during the last three seasons from 2018 to 2021. Results: A strong reduction in all viral respiratory infections was observed in the last season (2020–2021) compared to the two previous seasons (−79.69% and −80.66%, respectively). In particular, we found that during the epidemic period 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, the total number of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) cases was, respectively 726 and 689, while in the last season a total of five cases was detected. In the first months of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, the total flu infections were 240 and 354, respectively, while in the last season we did not detect any influenza virus. As other viruses, the presence of Rhinovirus declined, but to a lesser extent: a total of 488 cases were assessed compared to the 1030 and 1165 cases of the two previous respective epidemic seasons. Conclusions: Public health interventions and distancing (including continuous use of face masks) settled to counter the pandemic spread of COVID-19 had a macroscopic impact on all respiratory virus transmission and related diseases, with a partial exception of Rhinovirus. The absence of viruses’ circulation could result in a lack of immunity and increased susceptibility to serious infections in the next seasons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

The Disappearance of Respiratory Viruses in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vittucci

Piccioni

Coltella

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Studies have reported the declined rates of infectious diseases during the pandemic such as influenza, chickenpox, herpes zoster, rubella, or measles which have transmission route of droplet and/or airborne (29)(30)(31). However, according to the literature, rhinovirus-related respiratory tract infection outbreaks continue to be seen especially in children (32). In this study, it was detected that rhinovirus is the most common pathogen during the pandemic as shown in figure 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“… 29 , 30 , 31 However, according to the literature, rhinovirus-related respiratory tract infection outbreaks continue to be seen especially in children. 32 In this study, it was detected that rhinovirus is the most common pathogen during the pandemic as shown in figure 1 . While there is a decline in rates of other viral pathogens during the pandemics, the spread of the rhinovirus seems to be as unaffected and so it is still the most frequently detected pathogen during the study year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Distribution of spreading viruses during COVID-19 pandemic: Effect of mitigation strategies

Kıymet

Böncüoğlu

Şahinkaya

et al. 2021

American Journal of Infection Control

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Background The study aimed to evaluate the distribution of circulating respiratory viral pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the coronavirus disease–2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with especially focusing on the effects of the national-based mitigation strategies. Methods This single-center study was conducted between March 11, 2020-March 11, 2021. All children who were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral pathogens were included in the study. Results A total of 995 children with suspected COVID-19 admitted to the study center. Of these, 513 patients who were tested by PCR for both SARS-CoV-2 and common respiratory viral pathogens were included in the final analysis. Two hundred ninety-five patients were (57.5%) male. The median age was 3 years of age (27 days-17 years). A total of 321 viral pathogens identified in 310 (n:310/513, 60.4%) patients, and 11 of them (n:11/310, 3.5%) had co-detection with more than one virus. The most common detected virus was rhinovirus (n:156/513, 30.4%), and SARS-CoV-2 (n:122/513, 23.8%) followed by RSV (n:18/513, 3.5%). The influenza virus was detected in two patients (0.4%). A total of 193 patients were negative for both SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. Conclusion There is a decline in the frequency of all viral pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 in correlation with the national-based mitigation strategies against COVID-19 during the pandemic.

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“… 6 Reports from Japan and China have confirmed that rhinovirus has spread among school‐aged children during the restrictions and despite the use of face masks. 7 , 8 In Australia, rhinovirus detections first decreased after lockdown started but later exceeded the incidence of previous years, even though the restrictions were unchanged. 9 Interestingly, another Australian study showed that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases had a high increase after the restrictions were eased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus spread in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic despite social restrictions—A nationwide register study in Finland

Kuitunen

Artama

Haapanen

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Social restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic strongly affected the epidemiology of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). As rhinovirus seemed to spread despite the restrictions, we aimed to analyze rhinovirus epidemiology in children during the pandemic. This register‐based study used data from the Finnish Infectious Disease Register. Nationwide rhinovirus findings from July 2015 to March 2021 were included and stratified by age (0–4, 5–9, and 10–14). Cumulative 14‐day incidence per 100000 children was calculated. Four thousand five hundred and seventy six positive rhinovirus findings were included, of which 3788 (82.8%) were among children aged 0–4. The highest recorded incidence was 36.2 among children aged 0–4 in October 2017. The highest recorded incidence during the pandemic period was 13.6 in November 2020. The impact of the restrictions was mostly seen among children aged 0–4 years of age in weeks 14–22 in 2020. The incidence has since remained near reference levels in all age groups. Strict restrictions temporarily interrupted the circulation of rhinovirus in spring 2020. Rhinovirus incidence returned to normal levels soon after the harsh restrictions were lifted. These looser social restrictions prevented RSV and influenza seasons but failed to prevent the spread of rhinovirus.

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Rhinovirus remains prevalent in school teenagers during fight against COVID‐19 pandemic

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

The Disappearance of Respiratory Viruses in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Disappearance of Respiratory Viruses in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Distribution of spreading viruses during COVID-19 pandemic: Effect of mitigation strategies

Rhinovirus spread in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic despite social restrictions—A nationwide register study in Finland

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