More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor

Complementarity of Space and Time in Distance Representations

“…For example, Jackendoff (1983Jackendoff ( , 2002; see also Jackendoff & Aaron, 1991) suggests that, although our conceptions of time and space may be thematically parallel, which is reflected in spatial metaphors used for expressing temporal concepts, the presumed primacy of space is illusory. Jackendoff points out that it is epistemologically equally plausible to assume that space and time are essentially unrelated domains organized by a common set of parameters that are simply more transparent in the spatial than in the temporal language.…”

“…106-110), which assumes that meanings identified as metaphorical are actually literal. Jackendoff and Aaron (1991) point out that numerous expressions identified as metaphors may be viewed instead as reflections of literal beliefs and thematic parallels, i.e. abstract categories whose language refers primarily to concrete and spatial experience, but whose content is much more general and abstract (see Thematic Relations Hypothesis in Jackendoff, 1983, pp.…”

Aspect of Metaphor in Discourse

“…If the example of the ćĚĎđĉĎēČ metaphor that is described in the paper is indeed like elaboration and/or extending, then the Lakoff -Turner claim that elaboration and extending are characteristic of creating poetic metaphors is called into question for the simple reason that the discussion of the ćĚĎđĉĎēČ metaphor in relation to European uniϐication is simply not an instance of poetic language. This conclusion would mean that two early critics of Lakoff and Turner's 1989 book, More Than Cool Reason, Jackendoff and Aaron were (are) right (Jackendoff and Aaron, 1991). Be that as it may, the achievement of Lakoff and Turner in connection with the issue under discussion is that at least they tried to tackle the problem of metaphorical creativity.…”

When Metaphors Function as Schemas: Some Cognitive Effects of Conceptual Metaphors

“…Although some would argue that the only thing that the word metaphor can legitimately refer to is metaphorical language (e.g., Jackendoff & Aaron, 1991), the idea that metaphor is as much a matter of thought as of language has been around for quite some time (e.g., Black, 1954Black, /1981Richards, 19361 1981). More recently, Lakoff and Johnson (1980) spelled out this idea in more detail with their distinction between linguistic and "conceptual" metaphors, which they described as mappings of knowledge about one conceptual domain onto a different domain.…”