REVIEWER Aleksander Szwedek TYPESETTING Karol Szurczak COVER DESIGN Łukasz Orzechowski COVER IMAGE © Depositphotos.com/agsandrewPrinted directly form camera-ready materials provided to the Łódź University Press by the Faculty of Philology

The paper discusses problems involved in analysing the quality of student translation and the type of errors made by students in translation. The authors have developed a TEI-lite conformant corpus of student translations which also includes error category mark-up. This project has allowed the authors to objectively analyse student translation work and has also allowed the students themselves to gain valuable insights into translation problems.

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Portable multimedia devices shape the intensity of intercultural contacts not only through content consumption but also through content creation. Enabling learners to participate in content exchange via the Web 2.0 paradigm (audiences as both media consumers and media creators) can be employed to create new forms of acquiring knowledge. This study demonstrates an application of m-learning in a situated in-the-field examination of cultural diversity with the Linguistic Landscape approach. The application is shown from the pedagogical perspective of authentic, informal learning activities conducted in the framework of connectivism. The examination of cultural diversity is conducted in the context of a local environment, i.e. a location familiar to learners. This paper presents a scenario of m-learning activities intended to demonstrate that cultural awareness is often biased by subjective perspectives and stereotypes. Autonomous discovery of this phenomenon results in elevation of learners' openness toward other cultures, which contributes to intercultural competence development.

This study discusses the cross-cultural re-conceptualization of the slogan 'I'm lovin' it', popularized in Poland by a global fast-food restaurant chain, which occurs in the inter-linguistic transfer between English and Polish. The analytical framework for the study is provided by Cultural Linguistics and the Re-conceptualization and Approximation Theory. The analysis is based on proposals submitted by 45 translators asked to come up with a Polish equivalent of the slogan. The results indicate that because the semantic networks for the meaning of love do not overlap between English and Polish perfectly, attempts at the cross-cultural transfer of the slogan can be approached only as more or less accurate approximations of the original meaning constructed according to culture-specific norms, expectations, and attitudes.

This paper discusses the problem of inconsistencies in the metaphorical conceptualizations of time that involve motion within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). It demonstrates that the TIME AS A PURSUER metaphor contrasts with the reverse variant TIME AS AN OBJECT OF PURSUIT, just as the MOVING TIME metaphor contrasts with the MOVING OBSERVER variant. Such metaphorical conceptualizations of time functioning as pairs of minimally differing variants based on Figure-Ground reversal are, strictly speaking, inconsistent with one another. Looking at these inconsistencies from a wider perspective suggests that time may belong to a separate category of conceptual phenomena. This paper puts forward a proposal to approach time from the perspective of “phenomena of the third kind”, which according to Keller’s thesis include conceptual establishments resulting from human cognition, but not of human design.

This study demonstrates an overall proportion between spatial and temporal representations of distance for the semantic attribute of motion medium on the basis of objectively verifiable frequencies of language patterns found in the British NationalCorpus. It demonstrates that in the semantic context of mediummediated expressions of distance English speakers have a tendency to denote distance in space both in spatial and temporal terms, with temporal representations being used almost as frequently as spatial ones. This study complements earlier findings on the complementarily of spatial and temporal representations of distance in motion events for the semantic attributes of motion manner and instrument. Taken together, the results indicate that in the semantic context of motion events, space and time, are correlated metonymically rather than being asymmetrically dependent.