More compact ferrite circulator junctions with predicted performance

Borjak, A.; Davis, L.E.

doi:10.1109/22.179901

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Ferrite-based microstrip circulators exhibit a narrow frequency range of operation typically in the range 600-800 MHz [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]. Due to emerging requirements for circulators to operate within a wider frequency range, ideally covering the legacy band, some frequency broadening techniques have been proposed in the literature.…”

Section: A Ferrite-based Microstrip Circulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

STAR Front-End Using Two Circulators in a Differential Connection

Zhao,

De Silva,

Venkatakrishnan

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Microw.

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In-band full duplex (IBFD) communication systems have attracted much interest due to their ability to double the spectrum efficiency by simultaneously transmitting and receiving (STAR) over the same bandwidth. Modern communication technologies have to adapt to be able to meet the ongoing high demand capacity over existing radio channels. This paper proposes a system-level approach based on physical symmetry to improve the electromagnetic performance of a 3-port circulator. A system-level design consisting of two matched circulators connected in a differential configuration is proposed to cancel out residual RF scattering and leakage that causes self-interference in a STAR front-end. The method is validated using a custom designed microwave circulator based on microstrip technology, which forms a building block that operates in the 3-8 GHz band with 20 dB isolation. The proposed RF front-end operates within an extended band of 3-8 GHz while simultaneously exhibiting improvement in isolation by about 10 dB (isolation 30 ± 4 dB) between the transmitter and the receiver ports of the STAR system.

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Section: A Ferrite-based Microstrip Circulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

STAR Front-End Using Two Circulators in a Differential Connection

Zhao,

De Silva,

Venkatakrishnan

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Microw.

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“…An empirical analysis of a symmetrical quarterwave coupled Y-junction strip-line circulator, described in terms of the counter-rotating mode, was presented in [9]. Ferrite circulator that employs the relations proved by both Bosma and Fay and Comstock can be found in [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], and [24]. Circulators can be designed to operate either below resonance (BR) or above resonance (AR), depending primarily on the microwave operating frequency and the amount of biasing field applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

Khim

Cheab²,

Soeung

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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In this article, Y-junction strip-line circulators are designed using an enhanced closed form solution consisting of unified key equations and a flowchart design, which serves as a direct procedure for designing a ferrite circulator. This design methodology is combined with a 3D EM simulation that allows for the calculation of the saturation magnetization, uniform biasing, and ferrite dimensions needed for a circulator to operate in both modes. In addition, the closed form can be used to calculate the Y-junction parameters and allow the matching network to be calculated and the uniform circulator biasing design ended. Our analysis starts with the ferrite calculation to ensure that it is uniformly biased magnetically, and this is followed by strip-line design, Y-junction matching, and biasing circuit design. Using fullwave electromagnetic (EM), HFSS and magnetostatic (MS), Maxwell3D simulations, several key design parameters such as the saturation magnetization, coupling angle, and various external permanent magnetic biases are investigated. To validate the proposed concept, two strip-line circulators are designed and fabricated for operation in wide-bandwidth and narrow-bandwidth applications. Good agreement is found between the simulated and experimental responses for the S-parameters of the circulators. We also present a semi-analytical analysis of the concept of breakdown, which enables calculation of the peak power and total thermal rise in the strip-line structure. The average power handling capability of a strip-line circulator is studied for the first time. The proposed closed form expressions can also be implemented in various ferrite circulators using different guiding technologies for millimeter-wave applications.

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“…As an antenna interface module, circulator should have the ability to work in multiple frequencies, that is, have the ability to work in broadband. Ferrites are the traditional materials used in the conventional passive circulators [1][2][3] . One of the ferrite microwave circulators was the Faraday rotation circulator, which is based on Faraday rotation, the phenomenon that occurs when microwaves of a specific polarization are incident upon a ferrite material subjected to a magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of active quasi-circulators

Tang¹,

Geng²

2020

J. Semicond.

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With the development of multi-band wireless communication and the increasing data transmission rate, the circulator as an antenna interface must be able to work in multiple frequency bands and provides large bandwidth. It presents a high challenge to the design of circulators, especially the active quasi-circulators. In this survey, we review the representative active quasi-circulators and summarize three different techniques and the corresponding structures to show an incremental improvement of the isolation and bandwidth of the active quasi-circulators. In addition, we also compare the performance of several state-of-art active circulators, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we conclude the future trend of the active quasi-circulators.

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More compact ferrite circulator junctions with predicted performance

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

STAR Front-End Using Two Circulators in a Differential Connection

STAR Front-End Using Two Circulators in a Differential Connection

Design and Synthesis of Ferrite Strip-Line Circulator Based on Enhanced Closed Form Solution and Power Handling Analysis

A survey of active quasi-circulators

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