Morbidity of Infections Caused by Antimicrobial‐Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance can have 2 effects on the outcome of infection: there can be an accompanying change in the virulence of the organism, and there can be a poorer response to treatment because of the empiric choice of an antimicrobial to which the organism is resistant. We have reviewed published studies relating antimicrobial resistance to the outcomes of infection caused by enteric pathogens. The data for Salmonella and Campylobacter infections suggest that antimicrobial-resistant strains are somewhat more virulent than susceptible strains-that is, they cause more prolonged or more severe illness than do antimicrobial-susceptible strains. However, not all studies corrected for possible differences in age and underlying diseases between patients infected by antimicrobial-resistant and -susceptible strains of Salmonella. Two studies of Campylobacter infection suggest that poorer outcomes with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens could be related to the initial choice of an ineffective antimicrobial for treatment. Estimates from various sources indicate that fluoroquinolone resistance, likely acquired from the administration of antimicrobials to food animals, leads to >400,000 excess days of diarrhea in the United States per year compared with the duration that would occur if all of the isolates were susceptible. Antimicrobial resistance also could account for an extra 8677 days of hospitalization for nontyphoidal salmonellosis, mainly arising from food animals.

Isolation and Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Non-typhoid Salmonella spp isolated from chicken

“…In recent years, Salmonella has been one of the most common causes of food born disease (1) Salmonellosis is an infectious disease which often occurs through contaminated food, especially food products with an animal origin such as meat, chicken, egg, animal foods and sometimes vegetables in the food chain (2,3). In developing countries, estimation of Salmonelosis is difficult because there has not been sufficient surveillance (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Therefore, globally, many studies have been performed reporting that the prevalence and kind of Salmonella serotypes are different based on geographical regions (9)(10)(11).…”

Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis isolado de bovinos

“…A resistência microbiana pode ser associada a um aumento na virulência da cepa, resultante da aquisição de genes com fatores de resistência, e também pela escolha empírica do agente de tratamento, antes do teste de susceptibilidade (Travers & Barza 2002). O uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, as subdosagens, a adição de promotores de crescimento à dieta, que expõe os animais por longos períodos a pequenas concentrações de antibióticos, podem colaborar para a seleção e manutenção de organismos resistentes (McEwen & Fedorka-Cray 2002).…”

Background information on the current status of South African HIV/AIDS hospices in the context of hygiene and quality of life: A review

“…S. aureus isolates from a tertiary hospital were reported to be 100% resistant to cefoxitin according to published results (Vysakh and Jeya, 2013). Infections caused by resistant bacteria have been shown to be more frequently associated with increased morbidity and mortality than those caused by susceptible pathogens, which poses a serious public health concern (Helmset al, 2002;Travers and Barza, 2002;Varmaet al, 2005). It is now collectively accepted that the use of antimicrobials in both animals and humans can select for resistant bacterial populations.…”