Morbid liver manifestations are intrinsically bound to metabolic syndrome and nutrient intake based on a machine-learning cluster analysis

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important medical problems around the world. Identification of patient´s singular characteristic could help to reduce the clinical impact and facilitate individualized management. This study aimed to categorize MetS patients using phenotypical and clinical variables habitually collected during health check-ups of individuals considered to have high cardiovascular risk. The selected markers to categorize MetS participants included anthropometric variables as well as clinical data, biochemical parameters and prescribed pharmacological treatment. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out with a subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis using the z-scores from factor analysis. The first step identified three different factors. The first was determined by hypercholesterolemia and associated treatments, the second factor exhibited glycemic disorders and accompanying treatments and the third factor was characterized by hepatic enzymes. Subsequently four clusters of patients were identified, where cluster 1 was characterized by glucose disorders and treatments, cluster 2 presented mild MetS, cluster 3 presented exacerbated levels of hepatic enzymes and cluster 4 highlighted cholesterol and its associated treatments Interestingly, the liver status related cluster was characterized by higher protein consumption and cluster 4 with low polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. This research emphasized the potential clinical relevance of hepatic impairments in addition to MetS traditional characterization for precision and personalized management of MetS patients.

Comparison of Seven Healthy Lifestyle Scores Cardiometabolic Health: Age, Sex, and Lifestyle Interactions in the NutrIMDEA Web-Based Study

“…Several instruments to measure health and quality of life have been developed to assess different objectives and characteristics of the population [ 16 ]. Self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaires allow to evaluate differences between groups of patients [ 17 ]. Health measurements are especially important in the assessment of the consequences derived from chronic diseases, to monitor and identify the most relevant predictors in the disease development [ 16 ].…”

Nutritional and Lifestyle Features in a Mediterranean Cohort: An Epidemiological Instrument for Categorizing Metabotypes Based on a Computational Algorithm

“…For instance, factorial analysis was performed previously to classify subjects depending on dietary patterns (proto-omnivorous versus plant-based diets) and health outcomes [82]. Additionally, cardiovascular risk was assessed using cluster analysis in metabolic syndrome patients including phenotypical and clinical variables habitually collected during health checkups [83]. Moreover, this approach could implement specific interventions in chronic diseases such as diabetes [84] or weight loss, such as the PREVIEW study [85].…”

Health associations of liver enzymes and inflammatory scores with urinary citrus flavonoid metabolites

“…This connection is critical considering that cardiometabolic disorders are linked to impaired hepatic and glucose metabolism in subjects diagnosed with MetS. 50,51…”

“…This connection is critical considering that cardiometabolic disorders are linked to impaired hepatic and glucose metabolism in subjects diagnosed with MetS. 50,51 Thus, these findings suggest that citrus-flavanone metabolites appear to have prominent results on cardiometabolic risk factors in humans and could be important to reduce the liver disease burden in subjects diagnosed with MetS. The beneficial effects of citrus flavanones (e.g., radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory activity, and microbiota modulation properties) on liver diseases and associated complications may be due to the biochemical structures (the number and specific position of the hydroxyl groups in the A and B rings) and the presence of the sugar moiety.…”