Scope We investigate the postprandial modulation of cardiovascular‐related microRNAs elicited by extra virgin olive oil (EVOOs) containing different levels of their own polyphenols. Methods and results It is randomized, postprandial, parallel, double‐blind study. Twelve healthy participants consumed 30 mL of EVOO containing low (L‐EVOO; 250 mg total phenols kg −1 of oil), medium (M‐EVOO; 500 mg total phenols kg −1 of oil), and high (H‐EVOO; 750 mg total phenols kg −1 of oil) enriched EVOOs. Postprandial plasma microRNAs levels are analyzed by real‐time quantitative PCR. The results show that L‐EVOO intake is associated with decreased let‐7e‐5p and miR‐328a‐3p levels and increased miR‐17‐5p and miR‐20a‐5p, concentrations. M‐EVOO decreases plasma let‐7e‐5p and increases miR‐17‐5p, miR‐20a‐5p, and miR‐192‐5p levels. Finally, H‐EVOO decreases let‐7e‐5p, miR‐10a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, and miR‐26b‐5p levels. Conclusion During the postprandial state, the levels of let‐7e‐5p decrease with EVOO regardless of polyphenol content suggesting a general response to the fatty acid composition of EVOO or/and the presence of at least 250 mg polyphenol kg −1 olive oil. Moreover, the miR‐17‐92 cluster increases by low and medium polyphenol content suggesting a role in fatty acid metabolism and nutrient sensing. Thus, postprandial modulation of circulating microRNAs levels could be a potential mechanism for the cardiovascular benefits associated with EVOO intake.
Physical activity (PA) has been hypothesized to be effective to maintaining cognitive function and delay cognitive decline in the elderly, but physical fitness (PF) could be a better predictor of cognitive function. We aimed to study the association between PA and PF with cognitive function and quality of life using cross-sectional data from 6874 participants of the PREDIMED-Plus trial (64.9 ± 4.9 years, 48.5% female). PF and PA were measured with a Chair Stand Test, the REGICOR and Rapid Assessment Physical Activity questionnaires. Cognitive function was measured with Minimental State Examination, Control Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span tests; whereas health-related quality of life was assessed with the SF36-HRQL test. Cognitive and quality of life scores were compared among PF quartiles and PA levels (low, moderate and high) with ANCOVA and with Chair Stand repetitions and energy expenditure from total PA with multivariable linear regression adjusted for confounding factors. PF associated with higher scores in phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests and with lower TMT A time. However, PA was not associated with the neurocognitive parameters evaluated. Both PF and PA levels were strongly associated with a better quality of life. We concluded that PF, but not PA, is associated with a better cognitive function. This trial was retrospectively registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870?q=ISRCTN89898870&filters=&sort=&o ffset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search) on 07/24/2014. Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:3472 | https://doi.Cognitive impairment was assessed with the Mini-mental State Examination test (MMSE) and the Clock-Drawing test (CDT) [52][53][54] . The MMSE test is a 30-point questionnaire that examines domains like time and spatial orientation, immediate and deferred recall, attention, calculation, and language. A score is calculated for each domain, and all are added to obtain a total MMSE score. A threshold of 24 is defined to identify cognitive impairment. The CDT is useful to examine visuospatial functioning and memory. Participants are required to draw a clock with a specific time, and a numeric score of 0 or 1 is given depending if they correctly or incorrectly draw the numbers, minute and seconds clock hands and the requested time 49 . All scores are sum to get a total CDT score.All cognitive tests were applied by nutritionists who had been previously trained.
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