Moral Reasoning and Moral Orientation of U.S. and Turkish University Students

Abstract

Participants from an individualistic society (U.S.A.) were compared with participants from a collectivistic society (Turkey) in terms of moral reasoning and orientation (justice and care). A total of 396 undergraduates (203 U.S. students, 193 Turkish students) between the ages of 18 and 46 years were administered the original version of the Defining Issues Test and the Measure of Moral Orientation. Turkish participants received higher mean principled scores than did the U.S. participants, and female participants received higher mean principled scores than did male participants. Turkish participants also scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than U.S. participants, and female participants scored significantly higher on the justice and care orientations than male participants.

Can moral judgment, critical thinking, and Islamic fundamentalism explain ISIS and Al-Qaeda’s armed political violence?

“…One important criticism came from Haidt (2001), who believed that reasoning plays a limited role in the production of moral judgment, and that conscious reasoning may come in after the initial intuitive judgment. Regardless of these criticisms, Kohlberg’s theory still generally receives considerable support (Kuyel & Glover, 2010; Thoma, 2013).…”

Extracting random jitter and sinusoidal jitter in ADC output with a single frequency test

“…Let h spur and h 1 be the amplitudes of spur and input signal in decibels, as shown in (9) and (10) Note that, (9) shows that the spur amplitude is strongly dependent on the frequency of input signal. For every doubling of the input frequency, the spur amplitude increases by about 6 dB.…”

“…[6] proposed an FFT-based jitter measurement method for separating random jitter from deterministic jitter. Other examples includes IEEE standard 1057 [7], Analog Device Inc. [8], and Texas Instruments Inc. [9,10]. These three methods are all dual-frequency tests where two measurements are required: a low frequency signal test and a high frequency signal test.…”

“…Currently various jitter test methods have been proposed in [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. [4] proposed an analytic signal method for ADC aperture jitter measurement.…”

Gender and leadership in animal sheltering organizations.

“…It is important to note that Gilligan and other ethic of care researchers have stated that the difference between genders on the score is not biologically based, rather it is a result of socialization. Several studies using the MMO have found significant gender differences with females scoring higher on care than males and one study finding differences between a group of Turkish graduate students and U.S. graduate students (Kuyel and Glover 2010). Other self-administered measures of moral orientation and the care ethic have been developed and tested but provided mixed results in support for a gendered difference in moral orientation (Skoe 2014;Yacker and Weinberg 1990).…”