Moral Differentiation: Exploring Boundaries of the “Monkey See, Monkey Do” Perspective

O’Fallon, Michael J.; Butterfield, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0820-2

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…However, even when the well-validated measure developed by Aquino and Reed [2002] was used, no age differences between 15-and 20-year-olds were found [Krettenauer & Casey, in press]. Similar findings were reported in studies with young adults [Gu, 2011;Matherne & Litchfield, 2012;McFerran, Aquino, & Duffy, 2010;O'Fallon & Butterfield, 2011;Reynolds, Dang, Yam, & Leavitt, 2014]. All these studies replicated the finding from the very first study on adolescent moral identity development conducted by Arnold [1993] that did not reveal any relationship between the self-rated importance of moral virtues and adolescents' age.…”

Section: The Empirical Challenge: Lack Of Evidence For Developmental supporting

confidence: 58%

What Develops in Moral Identities? A Critical Review

Krettenauer

Hertz²

2015

Human Development

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According to the standard model of moral identity development, moral identities emerge during adolescence and early adulthood. Contrary to this assumption, however, moral identity research has consistently failed to demonstrate any age-related change in this developmental period. The present paper discusses implications of this non-finding. It is argued that researchers need to broaden the scope of inquiry and include developmental aspects of the moral identity construct that have been neglected in the past. Three areas are identified where moral identity development likely occurs in adolescence and beyond: (1) context-dependent differentiation and integration of the self-importance of moral values, (2) growth in internal moral motivation and (3) unfolding of narratives of moral responsibility. It is suggested that any systematic investigation into these areas will reveal important developmental changes in moral identities and, thus, will confirm the developmental nature of the moral identity construct.

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Section: The Empirical Challenge: Lack Of Evidence For Developmental supporting

confidence: 58%

What Develops in Moral Identities? A Critical Review

Krettenauer

Hertz²

2015

Human Development

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“…Likewise, Ferguson & Barry (2011) report that group cohesion increases the relationship between an employee being a direct observer of interpersonal deviance by coworkers and the employee also engaging in interpersonal deviance. Consistent with this perspective, O'Fallon & Butterfield (2011) found that employees with a low need for affiliation are less likely to copy their coworkers' unethical behaviors. These authors also developed and tested an important construct-moral differentiation-that may explain why and when certain individuals are resistant to copying the dysfunctional behavior of their coworkers.…”

Section: Social Distancementioning

confidence: 78%

Coworkers Behaving Badly: The Impact of Coworker Deviant Behavior upon Individual Employees

Robinson

Wang

Kiewitz

2014

Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.

117

121

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This article provides a review of the literature addressing the impact of coworkers' deviant, dysfunctional, or counterproductive behaviors upon individual employees. We provide a framework for the collection of findings on this issue, revealing that coworker deviant behavior negatively impacts individual employees' attitudes, affect, and actions through three routes: (a) direct impact, whereby an employee is the target of coworkers' deviant behaviors; (b) vicarious impact, whereby an employee is impacted by witnessing or learning of coworkers' deviant behaviors; and (c) ambient impact, whereby an employee is impacted by working in an environment characterized by collective coworker deviant behavior. In our discussion of these routes of influence, we outline the relevant empirical findings for and theoretical perspectives of each, as well as the moderators of these effects. We conclude our review by identifying recommended future research directions based upon our critical assessment of this literature.

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“…In general, research has shown that contexts that reinforce ethical behavior (e.g., ethical culture, Caldwell & Moberg, ; charitable giving by an organization; Reed, Aquino, & Levy, ; recognition of donation behavior, Winterich, Mittal, & Aquino, 2013; priming moral context, Aquino et al, ; recognition of a focal actor's prosocial behavior, Winterich, Aquino, Mittal, & Swartz, 2013) generally influence ethical behavior, particularly for individuals with greater moral centrality. Contexts that impair self‐regulatory functioning or heighten self‐interest fuel unethical behavior (observed coworker unethical behavior, O'Fallon & Butterfield, ; power, DeCelles, DeRue, Margolis, & Ceranic, ; primed self‐interest, Skarlicki & Rupp, ; mistreatment, Skarlicki, van Jaarsveld, & Walker, ), particularly for those with lower moral centrality. Additionally, Hannah and Avolio () found that dimensions of moral strength can reinforce one another: The positive effects of moral ownership on ethical behavior were further enhanced for individuals with stronger moral courage; individuals high in both moral courage and moral ownership were more likely to confront others for their unethical acts.…”

Section: Review Of Empirical Research On the Moral Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The moral self: A review and integration of the literature

2014

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Summary The role of the self in moral functioning has gained considerable theoretical and empirical attention over the last 25 years. A general consensus has emerged that the self plays a vital role in individuals' moral agency. This surge of research produced a proliferation of constructs related to the moral self, each grounded in diverse theoretical perspectives. Although this work has advanced our understanding of moral thought and behavior, there has also been a lack of clarity as to the nature and functioning of the moral self. We review and synthesize empirical research related to the moral self and provide an integrative framework to increase conceptual coherence among the various relevant constructs. We then discuss emerging opportunities and future directions for research on the moral self as well as implications for behavioral ethics in organizational contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Moral Differentiation: Exploring Boundaries of the “Monkey See, Monkey Do” Perspective

Abstract: ethical decision making, extraversion, interpersonal distancing, moral differentiation, moral identity, need for affiliation,

Cited by 62 publications

References 118 publications

What Develops in Moral Identities? A Critical Review

What Develops in Moral Identities? A Critical Review

Coworkers Behaving Badly: The Impact of Coworker Deviant Behavior upon Individual Employees

The moral self: A review and integration of the literature

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