Mood and interpersonal functioning in heavy smokers

Abstract

. (2008) "Mood and interpersonal functioning in heavy smokers" ,, .

Negative mood regulation expectancies, frontal lobe related behaviors and alcohol use

“…We also expected lower NMR to be associated with higher scores on all three frontal lobe dysfunction indices of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe; Grace & Malloy, 2001) Self-Rating Form, reflecting the presumed role of the frontal lobes in NMR. Negative moods as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were also expected to be negatively related to NMR in line with previous work and consistent with theory (Lyvers et al, 2008;Thorberg & Lyvers, 2006). Finally, the Disinhibition and Executive Dysfunction measures of the FrSBe were expected to differentiate high risk from low risk drinkers as found in a recent study by Lyvers et al (in press).…”

“…A high score indicates a strong belief that one can alleviate one's own negative moods through non-pharmacological means. Factor analysis has shown that the NMR scale is unidimensional (Catanzaro & Mearns, 1990) and correlates in theoretically predicted ways with instruments assessing anxiety, depression, emotional states and coping responses (Drwal, 2008;Lyvers et al, 2008;Thorberg & Lyvers, 2006). Discriminant validity from social desirability, depression and locus of control has been demonstrated (Catanzaro,1994;Catanzaro & Mearns, 1990;Mearns 1991).…”

“…Such beliefs vary across individuals, appear to be relatively stable traits, are negatively related to anxiety and depression and are positively related to active coping strategies (Drwal, 2008;Lyvers, Thorberg, Dobie, Huang & Reginald, 2008;Kassel, Bornovalova & Mehta, 2006: Mearns, 1991.. As people with substance disorders frequently cite a need to alleviate negative mood states as a major motive for their alcohol or drug use (Cooper, Frone, Russell & Mudar, 1995;Wills & Shiffman, 1985;Woody, Urschel & Alterman, 1992), Thorberg and Lyvers (2006) examined mood as well as NMR expectancies in 158 volunteers, including 99 clients enrolled in addiction treatment programs who had been abstinent from drugs and alcohol for at least two weeks (and thus were well past acute withdrawal). Addicts reported significantly higher levels of negative moods (stress, anxiety, depression, as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, or DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 2002), more intense moods (as assessed by the Affect Intensity Measure, or AIM; Larsen, 1984), and lower NMR expectancies (assessed by the NMR scale; Catanzaro & Mearns) compared to non-addict controls.…”

Characteristics of Alcoholic Smokers, Nonsmokers, and Former Smokers: Personality, Negative Affect, Alcohol Involvement, and Treatment Participation

“…Consistent with the personality fi ndings describing the association between negative emotionality and smoking behavior, associations have been documented between cigarette smoking and negative affect (e.g., Anda et al, 1990 ;Bisol, Soldado, Albuquerque, Lorenzi, & Lara, 2010 ;Frederick, Frerichs, & Clark, 1988 ;Lyvers, Thorberg, Dobie, Huang, & Reginald, 2008 ). This literature indicates that smokers report greater depression, anxiety, anger, and stress relative to nonsmokers.…”

Tobacco Smoking Among Male and Female Alcohol Treatment-seekers: Clinical Complexities, Treatment Length of Stay, and Goal Achievement

“…Satre et al (2007) theorize that the smoking effect may be a result of preexisting differences in psychiatric problems between smokers and nonsmokers; smoking status may serve as a marker for psychiatric severity, and thus predict alcohol treatment outcome accordingly. Similarly, increased negative affect is associated with smoking status (e.g., Anda et al, 1990; Lyvers, Thorberg, Dobie, Huang, & Reginald, 2008). Previous literature indicates that smokers may use cigarettes as a self-regulation strategy and that use of smoking as a coping mechanism for negative mood may hinder establishment of more effective coping strategies (e.g., Johnson et al, 2008).…”