Monthly mean climatic data for Antarctic automatic weather stations

Stearns, Charles R.; Keller, Linda M.; Weidner, George A.; Sievers, Manuela

doi:10.1029/ar061p0001

Cited by 73 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Dome C is located on the top of a large dome, with no discernible slope, therefore it is not subject to the typical strong katabatic winds observed in Antarctica (Schwerdfeger, 1984;King and Turner, 1997). Wind speed does not show a pronounced annual cycle (Stearns et al, 1993;Wendler et al, 1993); the mean wind speed is 3 m s )1 with extreme values up to 15 m s )1 . Most of the time, strong surface inversions occur at Dome C, creating a large cold air basin feeding the katabatic winds observed in some zones of confluence along the East Antarctic coast.…”

Section: Site Instrumentation and Surface Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Summer boundary-layer height at the plateau site of Dome’C, antarctica

Argentini

Viola

Sempreviva

et al. 2005

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Measurements of the mean and turbulent structure of the planetary boundary layer using a sodar and a sonic anemometer, and radiative measurements using a radiometer, were carried out in the summer of 1999-2000 at the Antarctic plateau station of Dome C during a two-month period. At Dome C strong ground-based inversions dominate for most of the year. However, in spite of the low surface temperatures (between )50 and )20°C), and the surface always covered by snow and ice, a regular daytime boundary-layer evolution, similar to that observed at mid-latitudes, was observed during summertime. The mixed-layer height generally reaches 200-300 m at 1300-1400 LST in high summer (late December, early January); late in the summer (end of January to February), as the solar elevation decreases, it reduces to 100-200 m. A comparison between the mixed-layer height estimated from sodar measurements and that calculated using a mixed-layer growth model shows a rather satisfactory agreement if we assign a value of 0.01-0.02 m s )1 to the subsidence velocity at the top of the mixed layer, and a value of 0.003-0.004 K m )1 to the potential temperature gradient above the mixed layer.

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Section: Site Instrumentation and Surface Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Summer boundary-layer height at the plateau site of Dome’C, antarctica

Argentini

Viola

Sempreviva

et al. 2005

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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show abstract

“…The high southern latitudes are a datasparse region, but not a data void. In recent years a decline in the total number of manned stations for the Antarctic continent has been offset by an increase in the introduction of automatic weather stations (AWSes; Stearns et al 1993) by the U.S. Antarctic Program and other nations. The station distribution is actually quite dense near the Antarctic Peninsula.…”

Section: Model Description and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the NCEP Operational Global Spectral Model Forecasts and Analyses for Antarctica during FROST*

Bromwich

Cullather²,

Grumbine³

1999

Wea. Forecasting

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Analyses and medium-range numerical weather forecasts produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction are evaluated poleward of 50ЊS during the July 1994 special observing period of the Antarctic First Regional Observing Study of the Troposphere project. Over the Antarctic plateau, the poor representation of the continent's terrain creates ambiguity in assessing the quality of surface variables. An examination of the vertical temperature profile, however, finds the near-surface temperature inversion strength to be substantially smaller than the observed climatology at the zero forecast hour. This arises from surface temperatures that are warmer than expected. Significant adjustment occurs in a variety of fields over the first few days of the mediumrange forecast, which likely results from the initial hour's suspect temperature profile. A spatially oscillating series of forecast anomalies in the zonally averaged temperature cross section stretches to middle latitudes by day 3. Near-surface and upper-troposphere values are found actually to improve at the South Pole with forecast time, although some fields continue to adjust through day 7. Although the examination presented here does not give a complete diagnosis, differences between observations and analyses suggest deficiencies with the model initial fields have a major role in producing the substantial model drift found. Atmospheric moisture over the continental interior does not change significantly with forecast hour, although the distinct contrast between nearshore and interior conditions lessens with forecast time. A spurious high-latitude wave pattern is found for a variety of variables. The pattern of this distortion remains constant with forecast hour. Over the ocean, large forecast pressure and height differences with analyses are associated with blocking conditions. However, it is unclear whether this results from deficiencies in the forecast model or the meager observational network over the Southern Ocean.

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“…A jointly operated (Italian National Program for Research in Antarctica and the French Polar Institute (www.concordiabase.eu)) permanently manned research station contains an Automated Weather Station (AWS). The AWS collects measurements of meteorological parameters -air temperature, air pressure and wind direction/speed as 10-minute averages since 1995 [11]. As seen in Figure 2, Dome C can experience 8-10 overpasses per day by each MODIS.…”

Section: Dome C -Multiple Daily Overpassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Terra and Aqua MODIS thermal emissive band response versus scan angle

Wenny

Wu²,

Madhavan

et al. 2014

Earth Observing Systems XIX

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Terra and Aqua MODIS have operated near-continuously for over 14 and 12 years, respectively, and are key instruments for NASA's Earth Observing System. Observations from the 16 thermal emissive bands (TEB), covering wavelengths from 3.5 to 14.4 μm with a nadir spatial resolution of 1 km are used to regularly generate a variety of atmosphere, ocean and land science products. The TEB detectors are calibrated using scan-by-scan observations of an on-board blackbody (BB). The current response versus scan angle (RVS) of the scan mirror was derived using a spacecraft deep-space pitch maneuver for Terra MODIS and characterized during prelaunch for Aqua MODIS. Earth view (EV) data over the complete range of angles of incidence (AOI) can be used to evaluate the on-orbit performance of the TEB RVS over the mission lifetime. Three approaches for tracking the TEB RVS on-orbit using EV observations are formulated. The first approach uses the multiple daily observations of Dome C BT at different AOI and their trend relative to coincident measurements from a ground temperature sensor. The second approach uses brightness temperatures (BT) retrieved over the cloud-free ocean to derive the trends at 13 AOI over the mission lifetime. The third approach tracks the dn response (normalized to the BB AOI) across the full swath width for Antarctic granules with the Dome C site at nadir. The viability of the three approaches is assessed and the long-term stability of the TEB RVS for both MODIS instruments is determined.

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Monthly mean climatic data for Antarctic automatic weather stations

Cited by 73 publications

References 4 publications

Summer boundary-layer height at the plateau site of Dome’C, antarctica

Summer boundary-layer height at the plateau site of Dome’C, antarctica

An Assessment of the NCEP Operational Global Spectral Model Forecasts and Analyses for Antarctica during FROST*

Evaluation of Terra and Aqua MODIS thermal emissive band response versus scan angle

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