A Monte Carlo method for the simulation of matrix and particle size effects in the x‐ray microfluorescence analysis of individual particles was tested experimentally. Two procedures for experimental measurement of calcium and iron K x‐rays from spherical glass particles were developed and evaluated. The results of Monte Carlo simulation are in agreement with experimental data within 10% relative, and are considered satisfactory as a first step in performing quantitative microfluorescence analysis of particles having diameters less than 200 μm.