Monte Carlo Calculation and Experimental Verification of the Photon Energy Response of Tooth Enamel in a Head-sized Plexiglas Phantom

Wieser, A.; Aragno, D.; El-Faramawy, Nabil; Fattibene, P.; Meckbach, R.; Onori, S.; Pressello, M.C.; Pugliani, L.; Ulanovsky, A.; Zankl, M.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006046

Cited by 15 publications

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“…Evidence for this also comes from the results of many studies devoted to calculation of the doses formed in tooth enamel by x-rays or 60 Co gamma radiation [14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, none of these papers analyzes the dose loads for the combined effect of both types of electromagnetic radiation, i.e., exposure of the teeth is done separately: either by x-rays or by gamma radiation.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Dose Reconstruction from EPR Spectra of Tooth Enamel Exposed to the Combined Effect of X-rays and Gamma Radiation

Кириллов

Kuchuro

2014

J Appl Spectrosc

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We have used EPR dosimetry on tooth enamel to show that the combined effect of x-rays with effective energy 34 keV and gamma radiation with average energy 1250 keV leads to a signifi cant increase in the reconstructed absorbed dose compared with the applied dose from a gamma source or from an x-ray source or from both sources of electromagnetic radiation. In simulation experiments, we develop an approach to estimating the contribution of diagnostic x-rays to the exposure dose formed in the tooth enamel by the combined effect of x-rays and gamma radiation.Introduction. Radiation diagnostics in dentistry leads to formation of paramagnetic centers in tooth enamel [1-6]. The energy of medical diagnostic x-rays typically used in dental examination of the dentition is 34 keV. At the same time, the energy of gamma photons from 137 Cs (the radioisotope making the major contribution to the effective external and internal exposure dose for the population in the case of nuclear power plant accidents) is more than an order of magnitude higher (662 keV). Nevertheless, for the same applied dose, the intensity of the EPR signal induced in tooth enamel by x-ray photons is an order of magnitude greater than the intensity of the signal induced by gamma radiation [4,5]. Such an effect leads to unequal overestimation of the dose load formed in tooth enamel by accidental external gamma radiation [5,6].In the case of separate exposure of tooth enamel to x-rays or gamma radiation, reconstruction of the individual absorbed doses from the EPR spectrum is done by additional exposure of the enamel samples to a source of electromagnetic radiation of energy that is identical to that of the source which formed the paramagnetic centers [6]. However, with the combined effect on the tooth from medical diagnostic x-ray photons and accidental gamma radiation, solution of the problem of retrospective dose reconstruction by EPR dosimetry is associated with certain diffi culties. In this case, we can only use the signifi cant decrease in the intensity of the radiation-induced EPR signal in the lingual fraction of the enamel compared with the buccal side to decide if an individual has undergone diagnostic x-ray examination of the dentition or skull [2,3,5].The aim of this study was to use EPR dosimetry to estimate the contribution of x-rays to the cumulative dose formed in tooth enamel in vitro by the combined effect of x-ray photons and gamma radiation, for a known ratio of the applied doses from both sources of electromagnetic radiation.Materials and Methods. We used teeth removed for dental reasons from individuals up to 20 years old, who lived in areas uncontaminated by radionuclides. We selected samples which were not subjected to diagnostic x-ray examination of the teeth, jaw, and skull. In this case, the crown of the tooth was separated from the root and split into the buccal and lingual sides. The halves of the teeth were cleaned to remove residues of organic materials, dental tartar, and pigmented spots, and carious sections were removed. The...

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Dose Reconstruction from EPR Spectra of Tooth Enamel Exposed to the Combined Effect of X-rays and Gamma Radiation

Кириллов

Kuchuro

2014

J Appl Spectrosc

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“…Actual correction factors, however, will be significantly dependent upon incident photon energy and tooth location. Several research groups have calculated dose conversion coefficients for various photon energies for teeth, dependent upon where the tooth is located in the mouth (Takahashi et al, 2001 andTakahashi et al, 2002;Takahashi and Sato, 2012;Ivannikov et al, 2000, Ivannikov et al, 2004a, Wieser et al, 2002and Ulanovsky et al, 2005.…”

Section: Confounding Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective and emergency dosimetry in response to radiological incidents and nuclear mass-casualty events: A review

Bailiff

Sholom

McKeever

2016

Radiation Measurements

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. HIGHLIGHTSReview of the use of luminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance in retrospective and emergency dosimetry.Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermoluminescence (TL) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) results on biological and physical materials.Descriptions of use in emergency and retrospective dosimetry, following large-scale radiological events.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448716302359 ABSTRACTThis paper reviews recent research on the application of the physical dosimetry techniques of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and luminescence (optically stimulated luminescence, OSL, and thermoluminescence, TL) to determine radiation dose following catastrophic, large-scale radiological events. Such data are used in dose reconstruction to obtain estimates of dose due to the exposure to external sources of radiation, primarily gamma radiation, by individual members of the public and by populations. The EPR and luminescence techniques have been applied to a wide range of radiological studies, including nuclear bomb detonation (e.g., Hiroshima and Nagasaki) nuclear power plant accidents (e.g., Chernobyl), radioactive pollution (e.g., Mayak plutonium facility), and in the future could include terrorist events involving the dispersal of radioactive materials. In this review we examine the application of these techniques in 'emergency' and 'retrospective' modes of operation that are conducted on two distinct timescales. For emergency dosimetry immediate action to evaluate dose to individuals following radiation exposure is required to assess deterministic biological effects and to enable rapid medical triage. Retrospective dosimetry, on the other hand, contributes to the reconstruction of doses to populations and individuals following external exposure, and contributes to the long-term study of stochastic processes and the consequential epidemiological effects. Although internal exposure, via ingestion of radionuclides for example, can be a potentially significant contributor to dose, this review is confined to those dose components arising from exposure to external radiation, which in most studies is gamma radiation.The nascent emergency dosimetry measurement techniques aim to perform direct dose evaluations for individuals who, as members of the public, are most unlikely to be carrying a dosimeter issued for radiation monitoring purposes in the event of a radiation incident. Hence attention has focused on b...

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“…Knowledge of how the EPR signal depends on the radiation type and energy is required. This has been widely investigated for photons and neutrons (Bochvar et al, 1997;Aldrich and Pass, 1988;Aragno et al, 2000;Wieser et al, 2002;Fattibene et al, 2003;Ivannikov et al, 2004;Trompier et al, 2004). It should also be noted that additional irradiation of tooth enamel may be caused by beta particles emitted by radionuclides incorporated into soft tissues of mouth.…”

Section: Electron Paramagnetic Resonancementioning

confidence: 99%

BiodosEPR-2006 consensus committee report on biodosimetric methods to evaluate radiation doses at long times after exposure

Simon

Bailiff

Bouville

et al. 2007

Radiation Measurements

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'kaev, Alexander V.; Tucker, James D.; and Wieser, Albrecht, "BiodosEPR-2006 consensus committee report on biodosimetric methods to evaluate radiation doses at long times after exposure" (2007 AbstractThe requirements for biodosimetric techniques used at long times after exposure, i.e., 6 months to more than 50 years, are unique compared to the requirements for methods used for immediate dose estimation. In addition to the fundamental requirement that the assay measures a physical or biologic change that is proportional to the energy absorbed, the signal must be highly stable over time to enable reasonably precise determinations of the absorbed dose decades later. The primary uses of these biodosimetric methods have been to support long-term health risk (epidemiologic) studies or to support compensation (damage) claims. For these reasons, the methods must be capable of estimating individual doses, rather than group mean doses. Even when individual dose estimates can be obtained, inter-individual variability remains as one of the most difficult problems in using biodosimetry measurements to rigorously quantify individual exposures. Other important criteria for biodosimetry methods include obtaining samples with minimal invasiveness, low detection limits, and high precision. Cost and other practical limitations generally prohibit biodosimetry measurements on a large enough sample to replace analytical dose reconstruction in epidemiologic investigations. However, these measurements can be extremely valuable as a means to corroborate analytical or model-based dose estimates, to help reduce uncertainty in individual doses estimated by other methods and techniques, and to assess bias in dose reconstruction models. There has been extensive use of three biodosimetric techniques in irradiated populations: EPR (using tooth enamel), FISH (using blood lymphocytes), and GPA (also using blood); these methods have been supplemented with luminescent methods applied to building materials and artifacts. A large number of investigations have used biodosimetric methods many years after external and, to a lesser extent, internal exposure to reconstruct doses received from accidents, from occupational exposures, from environmental releases of radioactive materials, and from medical exposures. In most applications, the intent has been to either identify highly exposed persons or confirmed suspected exposures. Improvements in methodology, however, have led many investigators to attempt quantification of whole-body doses received, or in a few instances, to estimate organ doses. There will be a continued need for new and improved biodosimetric techniques not only to assist in future epidemiologic investigations but to help evaluate the long-term consequences following nuclear accidents or events of radiologic terrorism.

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Monte Carlo Calculation and Experimental Verification of the Photon Energy Response of Tooth Enamel in a Head-sized Plexiglas Phantom

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Exposure Dose Reconstruction from EPR Spectra of Tooth Enamel Exposed to the Combined Effect of X-rays and Gamma Radiation

Exposure Dose Reconstruction from EPR Spectra of Tooth Enamel Exposed to the Combined Effect of X-rays and Gamma Radiation

Retrospective and emergency dosimetry in response to radiological incidents and nuclear mass-casualty events: A review

BiodosEPR-2006 consensus committee report on biodosimetric methods to evaluate radiation doses at long times after exposure

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