Monte Carlo based calibration of scintillation detectors for laboratory and in situ gamma ray measurements

Graaf, van der Emiel; Limburg, J.; Koomans, R.L.; Tijs, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.12.001

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Researchers have used tungsten-rubber sheets, lead, plasterboard, and bricks in shielding design [1]. In another study, a brick castle design was used to calibrate gamma radiation source [2]. Anthropogenic doses were studied on examples of some of the brick buildings suffered from radioactive contamination at 1949-1956 in Russia [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Radiation Tests about FeCr Slag and Natural Zeolite Loaded Brick Samples

Çay

Sütçü

Gençel

et al. 2014

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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Neutron shielding performances of new brick samples are investigated. Brick samples including 10, 20, and 30 percentages of ferrochromium slag (FeCr waste) and natural zeolite are prepared and mechanical properties are obtained. Total macroscopic cross sections are calculated by using results of 4.5 MeV neutron transmission experiments. As a result, neutron shielding capacity of brick samples increases with increasing FeCr slag and natural zeolite percentages. This information could be useful in the area of neutron shielding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Radiation Tests about FeCr Slag and Natural Zeolite Loaded Brick Samples

Çay

Sütçü

Gençel

et al. 2014

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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“…Standard spectra and calibration files are determined with the procedure described by van der Graaf et al [8].…”

Section: A Full Spectra Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where E is energy, i is channel number and a 0 , a 1 and a 2 are three coefficients, a drift in crystal temperature will cause a variation of the parameter a 1 translating to a linear shift of the peaks positions [8].…”

Section: B Self-sustained Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-sustained operation of radiation detectors based on embedded signal processing

Talnishnikh¹,

Paganini²,

Stegenga³

et al. 2013

2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications (ANIMM

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Radiation detectors featuring long term stability, self-sustained operation and low power consumption are crucial for longterm environmental monitoring (e.g. nuclear waste disposals and mining activities) and provide enhanced applications of nuclear fingerprinting e.g. in farming and geological surveying. INCAS 3 is developing a compact modular system consisting of four functional modules, namely analogue conditioning and signal digitalization, dead-time-free real-time signal processing, embedded high level analysis of the processed signal, and wireless communication. The modules are organized such that they can be interchanged and modified independently. For the input module one can choose an ADC sampling frequency to be either 100 MHz with 14 bit precision or 1 GHz with reduced precision (10 bit). The main focus of the signal processing section, based on an FPGA, is on providing dead-time-free signal handling in real time. Other useful features such as base line correction, pulse shape analysis (energy, decay and arrival time) are being developed as (VHDL) library functions. Additional modules, e.g. anomaly detection in the incoming signal, pile-up correction if operated at high rates and advanced signal shape processing, can be included in the processing if required and can be applied to autonomously generate the information necessary to control the sensor parameters and stabilize energy spectra and sensitivity. At present we operate the system in conjunction with inorganic scintillators (NaI, CsI) read out by a photomultiplier in order to provide a system capable of long term quantification of nuclear contaminations in natural environments. The underlying technology is based on detecting natural or anthropogenic gamma radiation and generating corresponding energy spectra in real time. The generated spectra are analyzed either in a standard way by any suitable desktop software in a lab or, as it is described in this work, by the ENSA (Embedded Nuclear Spectra Analyzer) board. ENSA returns the nuclides activity concentrations of the gamma source under examination, in real time and in the field. The analysis, aimed at nuclear fingerprinting, is based on a Full Spectrum Analysis method developed by Medusa Systems BV. This analysis is usually performed for the natural occurring radionuclides: Potassium ( 40 K), Thorium ( 232 Th) and Uranium ( 238 U), but can potentially take any other nuclide into account. By embedding the data analysis in the sensor device, one creates a fully integrated system. When equipped with a local user interface, the device becomes a portable system that provides highly accurate feedback in the field. With wireless communication, a self-sustained system featuring long term stable operation for environmental monitoring is created.

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“…These standard spectra are dependent on the sensor and on the geometry in which it is used. The sensors are therefore 'calibrated' in a known setup (Van der Graaf et al, 2011) and the geometry of measurement is simulated by Monte Carlo simulations.…”

Section: Figure 2: Left: Classic 'Windows' Analysis To Determine the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping soil texture with a gamma-ray spectrometer : comparison between UAV and proximal measurements and traditional sampling : validation study

Egmond

Soil²,

Veeke

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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The need for up-to-date soil information for e.g. spatial planning, infrastructure, agriculture and nature conservation has resulted in the Dutch Key Registration of the Subsurface (BRO), which also contains the 1: 50,000 soil map of the Netherlands. Classifying properties for this map are a.o. related to soil texture. Therefore, methods are needed that efficiently and effectively measure these at the right scale level and with the required accuracy. This report describes a validation study into the possibility, accuracy and costs of mapping clay and loam content of the tillage layer (0 -30 cm) by augering, by measuring gamma radiation from a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle or drone) or on foot. The research was carried out in an agricultural area of 40 ha in the Flevoland polder, the Netherlands. The results show that the accuracy and precision of the UAV and soil-bound measurements is largely comparable. A higher point density and smaller spatial support of the ground-bound sensor have a positive effect on capturing spatial patterns, accuracy and precision. After correction for the difference in point density, results are comparable. The difference in deployment costs is limited. The effect of the use of a national reference calibration set on costs and accuracy is a lot bigger and lowers both. However, when using national calibration scale accuracy could be increased with the inclusion of more soil geographic situations. We advise assessing similar questions by first assessing the required accuracy, measurement depth and resolution, then select possible platforms and choose calibration scale within budget limits. Gamma radiation measurements for mapping soil texture is potentially a scalable and cost-efficient technique for supporting actualisation of the Soil Map of the Netherlands and for applications with higher resolution such as precision agriculture and local spatial planning. 21 fig.; 7 tab.; 19 refs.; 3 annexes.De behoefte aan actuele bodeminformatie voor bijv. ruimtelijke ordening, infrastructuur, landbouw en natuurbehoud heeft geresulteerd in de Basisregistratie Ondergrond (BRO) van Nederland die onder andere de 1: 50.000 Bodemkaart van Nederland bevat. Classificerende eigenschappen hiervoor zijn onder meer gerelateerd aan de bodemtextuur. Daarom zijn methoden nodig die deze op het juiste schaalniveau en met de vereiste nauwkeurigheid efficiënt en effectief inmeten. Dit rapport beschrijft een validatiestudie naar de mogelijkheid, nauwkeurigheid en kosten voor het karteren van klei en leemgehalte van de bouwvoor (0 -30 cm) door boringen, door metingen van gammastraling vanaf een UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle of drone) of lopend. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd op een landbouwareaal van 40 ha in de polder van Flevoland. De resultaten laten zien dat de nauwkeurigheid en precisie van de UAV-metingen grotendeels vergelijkbaar zijn met de grondgebonden metingen. Een hogere puntdichtheid en kleinere ruimtelijke ondersteuning van de lopende meting heeft een positief effect op het verklaren van de ruimtelijke patrone...

show abstract

Monte Carlo based calibration of scintillation detectors for laboratory and in situ gamma ray measurements

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Neutron Radiation Tests about FeCr Slag and Natural Zeolite Loaded Brick Samples

Neutron Radiation Tests about FeCr Slag and Natural Zeolite Loaded Brick Samples

Self-sustained operation of radiation detectors based on embedded signal processing

Mapping soil texture with a gamma-ray spectrometer : comparison between UAV and proximal measurements and traditional sampling : validation study

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