Montane forest productivity across a semiarid climatic gradient

Knowles, John F.; Scott, Russell L.; Blanken, Peter D.; Burns, Sean P.; Dore, Sabina; Kolb, Thomas E.; Litvak, M. E.; Barron‐Gafford, Greg A.

doi:10.1111/gcb.15335

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Los bosques montanos de neblina son uno de los ecosistemas boscosos más eficientes en cuanto al secuestro de carbono, dada su alta cantidad de carbono almacenado en sus diversos estratos, tanto en la vegetación arbórea, el sotobosque, la hojarasca y el suelo (Knowles et al, 2020;Leija-Loredo et al, 2018). En comparación con resultados de evaluación de carbono capturado en otros ecosistemas boscosos, la captura de carbono por los bosques montanos de neblina es eminentemente alta y muy similar a lo capturado por bosques amazónicos sin intervención que tienen gran cantidad de vegetación arbórea (ver Tabla 4).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Entre las diversas formaciones boscosas en el mundo se tiene a los bosques montanos de neblina o bosques de neblina que abarcan alrededor de 380,000 km2 lo cual representa alrededor del 0.26% de la superficie terrestre y el 2.5% de los bosques tropicales (Hamilton et al, 1995;Rubb et al, 2004), sin embargo, estos bosques por efectos de la deforestación y diversas actividades antrópicas vienen siendo amenazados y van reduciéndose año a año, lo cual es altamente preocupante, dada su importancia que tienen por su excepcional concentración de biodiversidad, así como en el secuestro o captura de carbono (Álvarez-Arteaga et al, 2013;Knowles et al, 2020), siendo por tanto importante y necesario la cuantificación del carbono capturado en estos ecosistemas, lo cual estaría contribuyendo a reducir la concentración de CO2 en la atmósfera que contribuye al calentamiento global y el cambio climático, siendo esto ocasionado por la actividad antrópica, principalmente por los países desarrollados (IPCC, 2019). Estos bosques montanos de neblina en el Perú se extienden a lo largo del eje noreste y sur oeste, así en el departamento de Cajamarca se encuentran principalmente en las provincias de Jaén y Cajamarca (MINAM, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Captura de carbono por un bosque montano de neblina del Perú

Dilas-Jiménez¹,

Jiménez²

2020

Alpha Centauri

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Dentro de los ecosistemas boscosos en el mundo, los bosques montanos de neblina son relevantes no sólo por su alta diversidad en flora y fauna sino también por su alta eficiencia en la captura de carbono. En el presente estudio se evaluó la captura de carbono en un bosque montano de neblina, no intervenido, en la provincia de San Ignacio, región Cajamarca, Perú. Para ello, se implementó un Plot de evaluación de 1 ha, en el cual se eligieron sistemáticamente 5 cuadrantes de 400m2 dentro de los que se instalaron 4 subparcelas cuadradas de 1m2 para la evaluación de carbono capturado en el sotobosque y la hojarasca y 1 subparcela circular de 1m2 para la evaluación del stock de carbono en el suelo. Producto de la evaluación se encontró que el carbono capturado y encontrado en el sotobosque fue de 10,64 tC/ha, en la hojarasca fue de 6,72 tC/ha y en el suelo fue de 108,97 tC/ha. Así, los bosques montanos de neblina son de alta eficiencia para la captura o secuestro de carbono, aún más que los bosques amazónicos que tienen mayor cantidad de biomasa arbórea, por tanto, merecen una especial atención en las políticas públicas locales y nacionales.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Captura de carbono por un bosque montano de neblina del Perú

Dilas-Jiménez¹,

Jiménez²

2020

Alpha Centauri

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“…There are some noticeable underestimates of winter‐season ET, more so at higher‐elevation sites with forests than those at lower elevations with woody savanna and grassland. This may partly be driven by the fact that despite near‐freezing temperatures, forests up to about 2000 m elevation in the Sierra Nevada avoid winter dormancy and exhibit canopy photosynthesis year around (Kelly & Goulden, 2016; Knowles et al., 2020). A soil depth with a scale factor of five (Figure S10 in Supporting Information S1) was determined to be optimal for representing root‐zone water storage in the Sierra Nevada ecosystem and reproducing the ET (Figure S11 in Supporting Information S1) and carbon stocks (Figure S12 in Supporting Information S1) across these sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Controlling Carbon Sinks in Semi‐Arid Mountain Ecosystems

Guo

Safeeq

Liu

et al. 2022

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Feedbacks between the intertwined water and carbon cycles in semi‐arid mountain ecosystems can introduce large uncertainties into projections of carbon storage. In this study, we sought to understand the influence of key mechanisms on carbon balances, focusing on an ecosystem whose complex terrain and large interannual variability in precipitation adds to its vulnerability to warming. We applied a dynamic vegetation‐ecosystem model (Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena General Ecosystem Simulator) to simulate water‐carbon interactions in the 104,512 km2 Mediterranean‐climate ecosystems of California's Sierra Nevada for 1950–2099. Our 48 scenarios include a combination of carbon dioxide (CO2) increase, air temperature change, and varying plant rooting depths. We found that with warming (+2 and +5°C), water limitations on growth and enhanced soil respiration reduce carbon storage; however, CO2 fertilization and associated enhanced water‐use efficiency offset this loss. Using the 4 km model resolution to capture steep mountain precipitation gradients, plus accounting for the several meters of actual root‐accessible water storage in the region, were also important. With warming accompanied by CO2 fertilization our projections show that the Sierra Nevada sequestering at least 200 Tg (2 kg m−2) carbon, versus carbon loss with warming alone. The increase reflects coniferous forests growing at high elevations, and some increase in broadleaved forests at low‐to‐intermediate elevations. Importantly, uncertainty in fire disturbance could shift our finding from carbon sink to source. The improved mechanistic understanding of these feedbacks can advance modeling of carbon‐water interactions in mountain‐ecosystem under a warmer and potentially drier climate.

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“…Water is the primary limiting resource for plant physiological processes in dry and seasonally dry ecosystems [23]. Climate conditions that alleviate water stress, such as cool temperatures (via reduced evaporative demand owing to lower saturation vapour pressure) and abundant precipitation (via increased soil moisture) drive forest productivity in most dry ecosystems [24]. Moisture constraints on tree demography are apparent in dry conifer forests of western North America, where regional pulses of tree recruitment and growth follow infrequent years of above-average precipitation and cool temperatures [25][26][27][28], and likely also drive masting in several forest species native to this region [8,9,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ENSO and the North American monsoon on mast seeding in two Rocky Mountain conifer species

Wion

Pearse

Rodman

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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We aimed to disentangle the patterns of synchronous and variable cone production (i.e. masting) and its relationship to climate in two conifer species native to dry forests of western North America. We used cone abscission scars to reconstruct ca 15 years of recent cone production in Pinus edulis and Pinus ponderosa , and used redundancy analysis to relate time series of annual cone production to climate indices describing the North American monsoon and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show that the sensitivity to climate and resulting synchrony in cone production varies substantially between species. Cone production among populations of P. edulis was much more spatially synchronous and more closely related to large-scale modes of climate variability than among populations of P. ponderosa . Large-scale synchrony in P. edulis cone production was associated with the North American monsoon and we identified a dipole pattern of regional cone production associated with ENSO phase. In P. ponderosa , these climate indices were not strongly associated with cone production, resulting in asynchronous masting patterns among populations. This study helps frame our understanding of mast seeding as a life-history strategy and has implications for our ability to forecast mast years in these species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants’.

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Montane forest productivity across a semiarid climatic gradient

Cited by 22 publications

References 93 publications

Captura de carbono por un bosque montano de neblina del Perú

Captura de carbono por un bosque montano de neblina del Perú

Mechanisms Controlling Carbon Sinks in Semi‐Arid Mountain Ecosystems

The effects of ENSO and the North American monsoon on mast seeding in two Rocky Mountain conifer species

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