Monomeric constituents of the mesogleal polysaccharides of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (scyphozoa: semaeostomeae)

Gardner, Edward P.; Zubkoff, Paul L.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(78)90234-1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is unlikely that anaerobic respiration is significant in these medusae since they swim constantly and lack glycogen stores (carbohydrate values for medusae are low (Percy and Fife 198 1) and mostly consist of polysaccharide components of the mesoglea (Gardner and Zubkoff 1978)). Since Stomolophus feeds primarily on zooplankton (Larson 1978), protein is the major metabolic substrate.…”

Section: Net Costs Of Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of transport for the scyphomedusa Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz

Larson¹

1987

Can. J. Zool.

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The rhizostome scyphomedusa Stomolophus meleagris swims continuously at speeds up to 15 cm∙s−1. Mean velocities increased as a power function of wet weight up to 70 g but were mostly constant thereafter. Bell pulsations ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 Hz. Reynolds numbers equalled 900 – 13 000. During activity, medusae consumed 0.05 mL O2∙h−1∙g WW−1 (1.2 mL O2∙h−1∙g DW−1), at 30 °C. Rates for inactive medusae were 50% less. The estimated cost of transport ranged from 2 J∙kg−1∙m−1 at 5 g to 1 J∙kg−1∙m−1 at 1 kg. These rates are comparable to those of fishes and about 1/50th that of planktonic crustaceans. These results were unexpected in light of the typical inefficiency (power output/power input) of jet swimming. However, S. meleagris has a very low respiration rate relative to crustaceans and fish, which probably compensated for low swimming efficiency.

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Section: Net Costs Of Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of transport for the scyphomedusa Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz

Larson¹

1987

Can. J. Zool.

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“…In light of host carbon starvation during heat stress, we propose that this shrinkage is predominantly driven by the catabolic degradation of the mucopolysaccharide and collagen matrix of the mesoglea. The loss of these structural sugars and proteins, together with their ability to retain water, likely caused water loss and consequently body shrinkage in heat-stressed medusae (Chapman, 1953;Gardner & Zubkoff, 1978;Pedersen & Vilgis, 2019). This hypothesis is corroborated by reports of similar rapid change in the water content of Cassiopea exposed to thermal stresses (Aljbour et al, 2017) and similar shrinkage of Cassiopea and Aurelia aurita ephyrae during starvation without heat stress (Fu et al, 2014;Muffett et al, 2022).…”

Section: Heat-induced Host Catabolism and Carbon Starvationmentioning

confidence: 58%

Host starvation andin hospitedegradation of algal symbionts shape the heat stress response of theCassiopea-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis

Toullec

Rädecker

Pogoreutz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Global warming is causing large-scale disruption of cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses fundamental to major marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs. However, the mechanisms by which heat stress perturbs these symbiotic partnerships remain poorly understood. In this context, the upside-down jellyfishCassiopeahas emerged as a powerful experimental model system. We combined a controlled heat stress experiment with isotope labeling and correlative SEM-NanoSIMS imaging to show that host starvation is a central component in the chain of events that ultimately leads to the collapse of theCassiopeaholobiont. Heat stress caused an increase in catabolic activity and a depletion of carbon reserves in the unfed host, concurrent with a reduction in the supply of photosynthates from its algal symbionts. This state of host starvation was accompanied by pronouncedin hospitedegradation of algal symbionts, which may be a distinct feature of the heat stress response ofCassiopeaInterestingly, this loss of symbionts by degradation was to a large extent concealed by body shrinkage of the starving animals, resulting in what could be referred to as 'invisible' bleaching. Overall, our study highlights the importance of the nutritional status in the heat stress response of theCassiopeaholobiont. Compared with other symbiotic cnidarians, the large mesoglea ofCassiopea, with its structural sugar and protein content, may constitute an energy reservoir capable of delaying starvation. It seems plausible that this anatomical feature at least partly contributes to the relatively high stress tolerance of these animals in our warming oceans.

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“…Considering host carbon starvation during heat stress, we propose that this shrinkage is predominantly driven by the catabolic degradation of the mucopolysaccharide and collagen matrix of the mesoglea. The loss of these structural sugars and proteins, together with their ability to retain water, likely caused water loss and consequently body shrinkage in heat-stressed medusae [ 62 – 64 ]. This hypothesis is corroborated by reports of similar rapid change in the water content of Cassiopea exposed to thermal stresses [ 52 ] and similar shrinkage of Cassiopea and Aurelia aurita ephyrae during starvation without heat stress [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host starvation and in hospite degradation of algal symbionts shape the heat stress response of the Cassiopea-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis

Toullec,

Rädecker,

Pogoreutz

et al. 2024

Microbiome

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Background Global warming is causing large-scale disruption of cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses fundamental to major marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs. However, the mechanisms by which heat stress perturbs these symbiotic partnerships remain poorly understood. In this context, the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea has emerged as a powerful experimental model system. Results We combined a controlled heat stress experiment with isotope labeling and correlative SEM-NanoSIMS imaging to show that host starvation is a central component in the chain of events that ultimately leads to the collapse of the Cassiopea holobiont. Heat stress caused an increase in catabolic activity and a depletion of carbon reserves in the unfed host, concurrent with a reduction in the supply of photosynthates from its algal symbionts. This state of host starvation was accompanied by pronounced in hospite degradation of algal symbionts, which may be a distinct feature of the heat stress response of Cassiopea. Interestingly, this loss of symbionts by degradation was concealed by body shrinkage of the starving animals, resulting in what could be referred to as “invisible” bleaching. Conclusions Overall, our study highlights the importance of the nutritional status in the heat stress response of the Cassiopea holobiont. Compared with other symbiotic cnidarians, the large mesoglea of Cassiopea, with its structural sugar and protein content, may constitute an energy reservoir capable of delaying starvation. It seems plausible that this anatomical feature at least partly contributes to the relatively high stress tolerance of these animals in rapidly warming oceans.

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Monomeric constituents of the mesogleal polysaccharides of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (scyphozoa: semaeostomeae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Costs of transport for the scyphomedusa Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz

Costs of transport for the scyphomedusa Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz

Host starvation andin hospitedegradation of algal symbionts shape the heat stress response of theCassiopea-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis

Host starvation and in hospite degradation of algal symbionts shape the heat stress response of the Cassiopea-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis

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