Monolithic Stationary Phases for Capillary Electrochromatography Based on Synthetic Polymers: Designs and Applications

Abstract

Monolithic materials have quickly become a well-established stationary phase format in the field of capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Both the simplicity of their in situ preparation method and the large variety of readily available chemistries make the monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particulate materials. This review summarizes the contributions of numerous groups working in this rapidly growing area, with a focus on monolithic capillary columns prepared from synthetic polymers. Various approaches employed for the preparation of the monoliths are detailed, and where available, the material properties of the resulting monolithic capillary columns are shown. Their chromatographic performance is demonstrated by numerous separations of different analyte mixtures in variety of modes. Although detailed studies of the effect of polymer properties on the analytical performance of monolithic capillaries remain scarce at this early stage of their development, this review also discusses some important relationships such as the effect of pore size on the separation performance in more detail.

Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using a polymeric surfactant coating

“…Preparation methods of stationary phases used in p-CEC are usually time-consuming and complicated. Although monolithic columns [14][15][16] have proven to be successful in alleviating the problems associated with bubble formation and frit fabrication, dynamically coated open-tubular columns provide faster and relatively simpler preparation procedures.…”

Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis of peptides

“…The current state-of-the-art in this rapidly growing area of CEC including its applications for peptide separation has been reported by Svec et al [109][110][111]. Both the simplicity of their in situ preparation and the large number of readily available chemistries make the monolithic separation columns an attractive alternative to the capillary columns packed with particulate materials.…”

Preparation and Chromatographic Behavior of a Bifunctional Continuous Rod for Weak Cation Exchange and Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

“…The procedure for the preparation of the continuous rod is as follows: (15) The continuous rod was prepared by an in-situ polymerization in a stainless-steel tube of 50×8 mm I.D. The 40:60 (v/v) mixture of monomers (GMA and EDMA, 75:25 vol%) and porogenic diluents (cyclohexanol and dodecanol, 90:10 vol%), in which AIBN (1%, w/v, with respect to monomers) was dissolved, and was purged with nitrogen for 15 min.…”

“…(9,10) Swollen polyacrylamide gel was compressed in the shape of a column and formed a continuous rod, and can be used successfully for a style of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate proteins and peptides. This approach has been used for the preparation of poly (glycidyl methacrylate -co -ehthylene dimethacrylate), (14,15) poly (styrene -co-divinylbenzene), (16,17) poly (acrylamide-co- This rod, being essentially the equivalent to a very large single cylindrical particle, is prepared in a single step by a free-radical polymerization, directly inside an empty stainless steel tube acting as a mold.…”