Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis of peptides

Abstract

The article gives a comprehensive review on the recent developments in the applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, including zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation and physicochemical characterization of peptides. The article presents new approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides, and covers the methodological aspects of capillary electroseparations of peptides, such as strategy and rules for the rational selection of separation mode and experimental conditions, sample treatment, suppression of peptide adsorption to the inner capillary wall, new developments in individual separation modes and new designs of detection systems. Several types of applications of capillary electromigration methods to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis for determination of purity, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of physical and chemical changes and enzymatic conversions, amino acid and sequence analysis and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of capillary electromigration techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.

Simulation and optimization of peptide separation by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry

“…Separation of peptides by capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become one of the most important application fields of this technique [1][2][3][4][5][6]. By using CE it has been possible to obtain valuable information on identity, purity and structural changes of peptides [7][8][9][10].…”

Proteomics based on high-efficiency capillary separations

“…Most current CZE applications for peptides have involved relatively simple model mixtures or enzymatic digests of individual proteins [16,19]. Our previous comparison between CZE and gradient capillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) in the separation of tryptic digests of yeast lysate showed that CZE yielded a lower resolution than the RPLC approach [37].…”

“…Most CIEF peaks in Fig. 3, including the narrowest peaks (peaks [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], are reproducibly observed. For other peaks (e.g., peaks 10-12 and 15), some minor differences in peak resolution and intensity are evident.…”

“…Liquid-phase separations, often within capillaries, are increasingly recognized as the best separations technique for this approach. Developments in capillary electrophoresis applicable to separating peptides and proteins have been reviewed in several Electrophoresis publications [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Recent Developments in Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] By building on these and earlier efforts, it is anticipated that the popularity of CE-MS will grow, and its advantages will be better appreciated and exploited.…”