Monocyte preseeding leads to an increased implant bed vascularization of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitutes via vessel maturation

Abstract

The present study analyzes the influence of the addition of monocytes to a biphasic bone substitute with two granule sizes (400-700 μm and 500-1000 μm). The majority of the added monocytes was detectable as mononuclear cells, while also low amounts of (chimeric) multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were found. No increase in the total number of MNGCs was established, but a significantly increased percent vascularization. Altogether, the results show that the added monocytes become involved in the tissue response to a biomaterial without marked changes in the overall reaction. Monocyte addition enables an increased implant bed vascularization especially via induction of vessel maturation and, thus intervenes positively in the healing reaction to a biomaterial. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2928-2935, 2016.

Implantation of an Injectable Bone Substitute Material Enables Integration Following the Principles of Guided Bone Regeneration

“…For BBSMs, the tissue reaction is formed by the individual reactions towards each of the material compounds. Therefore, aspects such as biodegradation is based on the activity of phagocytes such as macrophages and BMGCs towards the individual compounds (10,12,17,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Hence, BBSMs initially induce an inflammatory tissue reaction similar to that of a pure β-TCP material, resulting in a high number of BMGCs and a high degradation rate, at later stages this is followed by a slower degradation rate correlated with lower BMGC numbers at a later, which can be compared to pure HA (17).…”

“…It has also been revealed that BBSMs induce tissue reactions that may support the bone regeneration process (17,20,32). Thus, BBSMs have been shown to be favorable materials for bone tissue regeneration in different preclinical and clinical studies (10,12,17,20,21,23,24,(32)(33)(34).…”

“…Pure biphasic bone substitute granules of the same size were used as control in order to analyze the influence of the water-based gel in combination with the HA nanoparticles towards the tissue reaction. Established and previously published systematic histological, histopathological and histomorphometrical methods were used to put focus on comparability of the present study results and former examinations (2,10,17,20,21,29,31,32).…”

The osteo-inductive activity of bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells resides within the CD14+ population and is independent of the CD34+ population

“…However, this aspect was not addressed in the present study, where it was only possible to speculate on the molecular patterns derived from the monocyte fraction within the transplanted BMC in the various processes involved in bone healing. The beneficial role of monocytes in revascularisation is demonstrated by Barbeck et al (2016). Monocytes lead to an increased implant bed vascularisation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitutes through vessel maturation, but the underlying mechanism is not addressed (Barbeck et al, 2016).…”

“…The beneficial role of monocytes in revascularisation is demonstrated by Barbeck et al (2016). Monocytes lead to an increased implant bed vascularisation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitutes through vessel maturation, but the underlying mechanism is not addressed (Barbeck et al, 2016). Spiller et al (2014) show that both the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage subtypes are capable of supporting revascularisation, albeit through different modes of action.…”