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Biomaterials have been used tremendously in medical science over last many decades. In human body a number of body tissues like teeth, ligament, bones tendons and others have been successfully replaced by these biomaterials. In present scenario the various applications of these biomaterials are still awaited. The most important challenge in using these biomaterials is immune rejection because in current situation the lifetime implants and bone replacement must required biocompatibility along with the biological and mechanical characteristics of the biomaterial used. Till now a number of biomaterials have been discovered and due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, these are biomaterials are employed significantly in biotherapy and medical science. On the basis of the source, these biomaterials can be grouped into two categories namely natural or synthetic polymers, henceforth they have paid much consideration. An ideal biomaterial must have the following characteristics like they fulfill the various chemical and physical requirements along with the mechanical vigor and biocompatibility e.g. stainless steel, zirconia, alumina, Co-Cr alloys, polythene (high molecular weight), poly methyl methacrylate etc. In present scenario, considerable efforts has been done in improving the utility of artificial joints, but now the current focus has been committed for reducing the wear and to amplify the duration of implants or prosthesis inside the human body. In the present review an efforts has been made to provide awareness and importance of these biomaterials in the medical science along with fulfilling all the challenges.
Biomaterials have been used tremendously in medical science over last many decades. In human body a number of body tissues like teeth, ligament, bones tendons and others have been successfully replaced by these biomaterials. In present scenario the various applications of these biomaterials are still awaited. The most important challenge in using these biomaterials is immune rejection because in current situation the lifetime implants and bone replacement must required biocompatibility along with the biological and mechanical characteristics of the biomaterial used. Till now a number of biomaterials have been discovered and due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability, these are biomaterials are employed significantly in biotherapy and medical science. On the basis of the source, these biomaterials can be grouped into two categories namely natural or synthetic polymers, henceforth they have paid much consideration. An ideal biomaterial must have the following characteristics like they fulfill the various chemical and physical requirements along with the mechanical vigor and biocompatibility e.g. stainless steel, zirconia, alumina, Co-Cr alloys, polythene (high molecular weight), poly methyl methacrylate etc. In present scenario, considerable efforts has been done in improving the utility of artificial joints, but now the current focus has been committed for reducing the wear and to amplify the duration of implants or prosthesis inside the human body. In the present review an efforts has been made to provide awareness and importance of these biomaterials in the medical science along with fulfilling all the challenges.
Biotherapy mainly refers to the intervention and the treatment of major diseases with biotechnologies or bio-drugs, which include gene therapy, immunotherapy (vaccines and antibodies), bone marrow transplantation and stem-cell therapy. In recent years, numerous biomaterials have emerged and were utilized in the field of biotherapy due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Generally, biomaterials can be classified into natural or synthetic polymers according to their source, both of which have attracted much attention. Notably, biomaterials-based non-viral gene delivery vectors in gene therapy are undergoing rapid development with the emergence of surface-modified or functionalized materials. In immunotherapy, biomaterials appear to be attractive means for enhancing the delivery efficacy and the potency of vaccines. Additionally, hydrogels and scaffolds are ideal candidates in stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, we present an introduction of biomaterials used in above biotherapy, including gene therapy, immunotherapy, stem-cell therapy and tissue engineering. We also highlighted the biomaterials which have already entered the clinical evaluation
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