Mono-association of mice with non-cultivable, intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria

Klaasen, H. L. B. M.; Koopman, J. P.; Brink, Monique; Wezel, H. P. N. Van; Beynen, A.C.

doi:10.1007/bf00290989

Cited by 60 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB), thought to belong to the Gram-positive Clostridia (51), colonizes the normal small intestine after weaning (52) and reaches very high densities in the ileum of adult animals. The SFB cannot be recovered from the intestine and cultured in vitro (53,54), but can be easily seen in the ileum of normal FVB/N mice using the Warthin-Starry silver stain. SFB adheres to ileal enterocytes located in the upper half of the villus (Fig.…”

Section: Loss Of Paneth Cells Does Not Have Any Appreciable Effect Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Role of Paneth Cells in the Small Intestine by Lineage Ablation in Transgenic Mice

Garabedian

Roberts

McNevin

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

237

188

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The structural and functional organization of the adult mouse small intestinal epithelium lends itself to studying both the regulation and integration of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death programs. The epithelium contains four principal cell types: absorptive enterocytes (comprising Ͼ80% of the total population), enteroendocrine cells, mucus-producing goblet cells, and Paneth cells. All four lineages are derived from a multipotent stem cell that is functionally anchored near the base of each of the small intestine's 1.1 million crypts of Lieberkü hn (1-4). Cell division is confined to these crypts (5). Enterocytes, enteroendocrine, and goblet cells migrate out of the crypt and up an adjacent villus. Migration is highly ordered and associated with terminal differentiation. Cell death occurs near the villus tip where cells are exfoliated into the lumen (6, 7). Proliferation, differentiation, and death take place in a spatially well-organized continuum that extends from the crypt to the apex of a villus. This sequence is completed rapidly (2-5 days in the case of enterocytes, enteroendocrine, and goblet cells; Refs. 1 and 8 -10) and is recapitulated throughout the lifespan of the mouse.The Paneth cell lineage differs from the others in a number of notable ways. It is the only lineage that executes its terminal differentiation program during a downward migration from the stem cell zone to the crypt base (11). It is the longest lived lineage, and the only one that exists entirely within the proliferative compartment. Each crypt contains 30 -50 mature Paneth cells that survive for 18 -23 days before degenerating and undergoing phagocytosis by their neighbors (11-13). Paneth cell age correlates with position in the crypt; the most mature cells are located at or near the crypt base (2). The size of the Paneth cell's apical secretory granules also correlates with age; larger granules are produced by older cells (2, 11).The function of the Paneth cell has not yet been clearly defined. Residency at the crypt base places this lineage in a position to release products from its apical granules that could affect establishment and/or maintenance of the stem cell's niche or influence the properties of the stem cell's descendants. A number of factors exported by Paneth cells could regulate epithelial proliferation and differentiation programs. They include tumor necrosis factor-␣ (14), guanylin (15), and epidermal growth factor (16). Two Paneth cell products have been implicated as modifiers of adenoma formation in mice heterozygous for a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, Apc Min (17). Production of matrilysin, a matrix metalloprotein-

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Section: Loss Of Paneth Cells Does Not Have Any Appreciable Effect Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Role of Paneth Cells in the Small Intestine by Lineage Ablation in Transgenic Mice

Garabedian

Roberts

McNevin

et al. 1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

237

188

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“…This Gram-positive, segmented obligate anaerobe is spore forming and was recognized as a dominant gut microbe of mice by Savage et al (35,38). Klaasen et al (39) recently isolated SFB by treating fecal material with organic solvents to kill vegetative organisms and administering a series of ever-weaker inocula into germ-free mice. Snel et al (37) used 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis to position the SFB of several vertebrates within the cluster of clostridial species.…”

Section: Is There a Delay In The Development Of Neonatal Humoral Mucomentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development

Cebra

1999

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

642

427

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“…This study was greatly facilitated by the use of a monoculture of these organisms in formerly germfree mice (12). A comparative 16s rRNA analysis revealed that there is a phylogenetic relationship between the SFB found in mice and the genus Clostridium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of 16S rRNA Sequences of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Isolated from Mice, Rats, and Chickens and Proposal of "Candidatus Arthromitus"

Snel

Heinen²,

Blok³

et al. 1995

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

153

122

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Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are nonpathogenic bacteria that are commonly found attached to the intestinal walls of many animals. Until now, these bacteria have not been cultured in vitro. Recently, a 16s rRNA sequence analysis revealed that SFB isolated from mice represent a distinct subline within the Cfostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria. Since SFB isolated from mice, rats, and chickens are known to be host specific, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among SFB obtained from these three hosts.Total DNAs from the intestinal floras of chickens and rats were used as templates for PCR amplification of 16s rRNA genes. PCR products were cloned and screened by a dot blot hybridization procedure to identify homologous sequences that cross-reacted with mouse SFB-specific oligonucleotide probes. A phylogenetic analysis of these 16s ribosomal DNA sequences revealed that SFB isolated from these three hosts form a natural group, which is peripherally related to the genus Cfostridiurn sensu strict0 (group I Cfostridiurn). The SFB obtained from chickens, rats, and mice had closely related, albeit different, 16s rRNA gene sequences. The observed levels of 16s rRNA sequence divergence, ca. 1.5 to 3%, together with host specificity, suggest that SFB isolated from mice, rats, and chickens represent different species and that coevolution of the SFB and their hosts occurred. "Candidatus Arthromitus" is proposed as the provisional generic name for this group of organisms.The small intestines of many animals (e.g., mice, rats, pigs, and other mammals, as well as chickens, amphibians, and insects) are inhabited by segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), which are also referred to as long segmented filamentous organisms (reviewed in reference 10). These bacteria cannot be cultured in vitro and do not have official taxonomic names. Until recently, SFB could be recognized only on the basis of their morphology and their ecological niches. In intestines, these gram-positive, endospore-forming organisms are attached via holdfasts to the epithelial walls. In rodents, colonization by SFB is restricted to the ileum (4). In birds, SFB are also found in the ceca (9). No pathologic effects of SFB have been found, even in immunodeficient animals. SFB found in different animal species are morphologically very similar. However, attempts to transfer bacteria from one host species to another have revealed that SFB found in mice, rats, and chickens exhibit host specificity (1, 13, 21). It is not known if SFB that inhabit different hosts are taxonomically closely related or whether they belong to different species.In a recent study, the 16s rRNA-encoding gene sequence of SFB obtained from mice was determined (19). This study was greatly facilitated by the use of a monoculture of these organisms in formerly germfree mice (12). A comparative 16s rRNA * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Central Animal Laboratory, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, 'The Netherlands. analysis revealed that th...

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Mono-association of mice with non-cultivable, intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria

Cited by 60 publications

References 14 publications

Examining the Role of Paneth Cells in the Small Intestine by Lineage Ablation in Transgenic Mice

Examining the Role of Paneth Cells in the Small Intestine by Lineage Ablation in Transgenic Mice

Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development

Comparison of 16S rRNA Sequences of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Isolated from Mice, Rats, and Chickens and Proposal of "Candidatus Arthromitus"

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