Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development

Cebra, John J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/69.5.1046s

Cited by 642 publications

(455 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…On the other hand, at least 10% casein was necessary to restore normal levels of serum IgA, suggesting that there is a hierarchy of dependency on stimulation by food proteins. Recovery of serum immunoglobulin levels and secretory IgA was also observed in germ-free mice that were either monoassociated with bacteria or transferred to conventional conditions (12). Our hypothesis is that food proteins and bacterial Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Immunoglobulin production is impaired in protein-deprived mice and can be restored by dietary protein supplementation

Amaral¹,

Foschetti²,

Assis³

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Most contacts with food protein and microbiota antigens occur at the level of the gut mucosa. In animal models where this natural stimulation is absent, such as germ-free and antigen-free mice, the gutassociated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and systemic immunological activities are underdeveloped. We have shown that food proteins play a critical role in the full development of the immune system. C57BL/ 6 mice weaned to a diet in which intact proteins are replaced by equivalent amounts of amino acids (Aa diet) have a poorly developed GALT as well as low levels of serum immunoglobulins (total Ig, IgG, and IgA, but not IgM). In the present study, we evaluated whether the introduction of a protein-containing diet in 10 adult Aa-fed C57BL/6 mice could restore their immunoglobulin levels and whether this recovery was dependent on the amount of dietary protein. After the introduction of a casein-containing diet, Aa-fed mice presented a fast recovery (after 7 days) of secretory IgA (from 0.33 to 0.75 mg/mL, while in casein-fed mice this value was 0.81 mg/mL) and serum immunoglobulin levels (from 5.39 to 10.25 mg/mL of total Ig). Five percent dietary casein was enough to promote the restoration of secretory IgA and serum immunoglobulin levels to a normal range after 30 days feeding casein diet (as in casein-fed mice -15% by weight of diet). These data suggest that the defect detected in the immunoglobulin levels was a reversible result of the absence of food proteins as an antigenic stimulus. They also indicate that the deleterious consequences of malnutrition at an early age for some immune functions may be restored by therapeutic intervention later in life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Immunoglobulin production is impaired in protein-deprived mice and can be restored by dietary protein supplementation

Amaral¹,

Foschetti²,

Assis³

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…[1][2][3][4] Studies in gnotobiotic animals have shown that association of germ-free rodents with single bacterial species has a profound impact on the anatomical, physiological, and immunological development of the host, including effects on epithelial cell functions and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. [5][6][7] The complex homeostasis between non-pathogenic intestinal micro-organisms and the host is an intriguing immunological paradox as the normal mucosal immune system acquires tolerance (hyporesponsiveness) to the enteric microbiota, while protective cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to enteropathogens are maintained. Although the pattern of bacterial colonization in the premature neonatal or infant gut is different Pedro A. Ruiz, 1 Micha Hoffmann, 1 Silke Szcesny, 2 Michael Blaut 2 and Dirk Haller 1 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate mechanisms for Bifidobacterium lactis to activate transient pro‐inflammatory host responses in intestinal epithelial cells after the colonization of germ‐free rats

et al. 2005

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“…Without a well-formed mucus gel layer, the underlying mucosa is more susceptible to attack by bacteria such as Escherichia coli (Specian and Oliver, 1991). The suckling mink rely on immunoglobulins from the mother's milk and the innate defence of mucus as the acquired immune system is not fully functional in the intestine (Cebra, 1999). However, as the mucin-staining area in the gastrointestinal tract decreases, the mink kits may be more susceptible to infections during the period of weaning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in digestive enzyme activity, intestine morphology, mucin characteristics and tocopherol status in mink kits (Mustela neovision) during the weaning period

Hedemann

Clausen²,

Jensen

2011

Animal

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Weaning of livestock mammals is often associated with digestive problems related to profound changes in the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. This study was undertaken to study the developmental changes in the gastrointestinal tract of mink kits during the period of 34 to 59 days of age. Twenty-four mink kits from eight litters were included in the experiment. The dams and their litters were kept under standard farm conditions. The dams and the kits were fed a diet consisting of 48.1% protein, 40.7% fat and 11.1% carbohydrate of metabolizable energy. The mink kits were weaned at 42 days of age. At 34, 47 and 59 days of age, one male mink kit from each litter was euthanized. The activity of amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase in the pancreatic tissue increased during the experimental period, whereas the activity of carboxyl ester hydrolase remained constant. The vitamin E concentration in plasma was stable from 34 to 59 days of age, whereas the concentration decreased in the liver. The stereochemical composition of a-tocopherol showed a steep decrease in the concentration of the biologically most active natural isomer in both plasma and liver through the whole weaning period, whereas the biologically less active 2S isomers showed a clear increase. The concentration of bile salts did not change during the experimental period. The villous height increased in the proximal part of the small intestine and decreased in the distal part, whereas the crypt depth was doubled in both the proximal and distal part of the small intestine. The mucin-staining area on the villi was markedly reduced during the experimental period but no change in the mucin-staining area in the crypts was observed.

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Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development

Cited by 642 publications

References 43 publications

Immunoglobulin production is impaired in protein-deprived mice and can be restored by dietary protein supplementation

Immunoglobulin production is impaired in protein-deprived mice and can be restored by dietary protein supplementation

Innate mechanisms for Bifidobacterium lactis to activate transient pro‐inflammatory host responses in intestinal epithelial cells after the colonization of germ‐free rats

Changes in digestive enzyme activity, intestine morphology, mucin characteristics and tocopherol status in mink kits (Mustela neovision) during the weaning period

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