Monkeypox Outbreak, Harper District, Maryland County, Liberia, December 2017

Gweh, Dedesco; Adewuyi, Peter; Amo-Addae, Maame; Bulage, Lilian; Wilson, Himiede Wede; Shannon, Fulton; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Nagbe, Thomas; Babalola, Obafemi Joseph

doi:10.37432/jieph.supp.2021.4.1.01.5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, the GPS coordinates of mpox cases were not provided in previous ENM studies [ 31 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. All of the 103 human records used in our study are index cases of known village origin [ 11 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 34 , 35 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 54 , 59 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ], for which the GPS coordinates were recovered using Google Maps ( , accessed on 22 June 2022), OpenStreetMap ( , accessed on 22 June 2022), and Joint Operational Graphic (JOG) topographic maps. Most index cases reported in previous mpox epidemics in Central Africa were young boys living in remote villages surrounded by forests [ 90 , 91 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Most Probable Mammal Reservoir Hosts for Monkeypox Virus Based on Ecological Niche Comparisons

Curaudeau

Besombes

Nakouné

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this study, we provide the full list of African mammal genera (and species) in which MPXV was previously detected, and predict the geographic distributions of all species of these genera based on museum specimens and an ecological niche modelling (ENM) method. Then, we reconstruct the ecological niche of MPXV using georeferenced data on animal MPXV sequences and human index cases, and conduct overlap analyses with the ecological niches inferred for 99 mammal species, in order to identify the most probable animal reservoir. Our results show that the MPXV niche covers three African rainforests: the Congo Basin, and Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The four mammal species showing the best niche overlap with MPXV are all arboreal rodents, including three squirrels: Funisciurus anerythrus, Funisciurus pyrropus, Heliosciurus rufobrachium, and Graphiurus lorraineus. We conclude that the most probable MPXV reservoir is F. anerythrus based on two niche overlap metrics, the areas of higher probabilities of occurrence, and available data on MPXV detection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Most Probable Mammal Reservoir Hosts for Monkeypox Virus Based on Ecological Niche Comparisons

Curaudeau

Besombes

Nakouné

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…No clues pointed to a specific source of the illness. The delay was caused by the unavailability of MPV testing facilities in Liberia since samples had to be sent to Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States [ 21 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Epidemiological Interventions for Monkeypox Management in Children: A Systematic Review

Maru¹,

Ghaffar²,

Rawat³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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This review aims to compile the available literature on monkeypox, identify risk factors for developing the disease, and recommend effective preventative methods to reduce the number of reported cases and fatalities in children and pregnant women. In seeking out pertinent studies on monkeypox virus in children and pregnant women, we searched the literature using the databases Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus up to 1st February 2023. This study analyzed data from case studies of monkeypox in children and pregnant women. Clinical data and test findings of monkeypox patients less than 18 years old and pregnant women were analyzed. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to do the quality evaluation. Our record examination spanned the years 1985 to 2023 and found 17 children and five pregnant female patients treated with monkeypox in various hospitals/community centers. Zaire, Gabon, Chicago, Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Northern DR Congo, Liberia, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Florida all contributed to the 14 studies analyzed. There were no studies identified for meta-analysis of selected case studies of hospitalized children and pregnant women who were diagnosed with monkeypox. The incidence, prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, prevention, vaccinations, infant care, and care for expectant mothers are all discussed in this systematic review of monkeypox in children. Our research findings may provide a foundation for further focused research and the development of related recommendations or guidelines.

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Evolution, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and mutational landscape of newly emerging monkeypox virus

et al. 2022

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Recent monkeypox (MPX) outbreaks are major ones in non-endemic countries. The present study analyzed molecular phylogenetics, divergence, epidemiology, the geographical distribution, entropy diversity of genome, mutational landscape, and evolution of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) genome and the current MPXV is entitled “hMPXV1.” We used different in-silico and statistical methods to study our objectives. The developed phylogram from molecular phylogenetics describes the origin and evolution of hMPXV1 of A, A.1, A.1.1, A.2, and B.1 lineages. The microevolution of B.1 lineage shows its evolution from May to August 2022. B.1 lineage is further adapting and showing more mutation and sub-lineages. The scatter plot of all lineages shows the clustering pattern of lineages and the divergence. We also developed two statistical models of confirmed cases and a diagram of the age-related pattern of infected cases to illustrate the epidemiology of the MPX outbreaks. The entropy diversity and mutational landscape of the hMPXV1 genome were analyzed in nucleotide and codon contexts. Our study has shown the in-depth evolution pattern of different lineages of the hMPXV1. We found B.1 lineage is associated with the current outbreaks. The mutational landscape informs about the slow mutation of the virus. Finally, the study might assists the new therapeutic development considering all the above points and would help the researcher to set up their future research directions.

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Monkeypox Outbreak, Harper District, Maryland County, Liberia, December 2017

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Identifying the Most Probable Mammal Reservoir Hosts for Monkeypox Virus Based on Ecological Niche Comparisons

Identifying the Most Probable Mammal Reservoir Hosts for Monkeypox Virus Based on Ecological Niche Comparisons

Clinical and Epidemiological Interventions for Monkeypox Management in Children: A Systematic Review

Evolution, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and mutational landscape of newly emerging monkeypox virus

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