Background:Chemomechanical caries removal is an effective alternative to the traditional rotary drilling method. The advantages of chemomechanical techniques in terms of the need for anesthesia, pain perception and patient preference are systematically reviewed and a meta-analysis of the time required for caries removal is reported.Method:Randomized controlled studies of comparison of chemomechanical techniques with conventional rotary drill were selected from a systematic search of standard biomedical databases, including the PubMed and Cochrane clinical trials. Non-repeated search results were screened for relevance and risk of bias assessment, followed by methodology assessment. Statistical models were applied to the outcome parameters - time required, pain perception, need of anesthesia and patient preference - extracted from the studies. Results:Out of the 111 non-repeated search results, 26 studies receiving a low bias score were selected for the review, and 16 randomized clinical trials of rotary and Carisolv techniques were considered for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis by fixed effect as well as random effect models indicate that Carisolv takes more time (3.65 ± 0.05 and 4.09 ± 0.29 min) than rotary drill (8.65 ± 0.09 and 8.97 ± 0.66 min) method. Advantages of reduced pain (14.67 for Carisolv vs. 6.76 for rotary drill), need for anesthesia (1.59% vs. 10.52%) outweigh the longer time requirement and make it the preferred (18.68% vs. 4.69%) method.Conclusion:Chemomechanical techniques stand out as a minimally invasive and preferred method based on the meta-analyses. Evaluation of pain experienced using robust methods is needed to strengthen the evidence for their use.

Aim: The rapid and extensive spread of CoViD -19 pandemic has become a major source of concern for healthcare system including pediatric dentists. The aim of the present study was to assess the awareness, perception and attitude regarding CoViD – 19 and infection control among Indian pediatric dentists. Study design: A total of 1009 Indian Pediatric dentists completed questionnaire based survey on the awareness, perception and attitude regarding CoViD – 19 infection and its control. Descriptive statistics have been used in the study to analyze the findings. Mean and standard deviation and proportion have been used to estimate the results of the study. Results: 65.75% Indian pediatric dentists had answered questions regarding CoViD – 19 infection correctly. The present survey found a positive perception among Indian pediatric dentist regarding CoViD – 19 and infection control. However the attitude among Pediatric dentist regarding the same was not encouraging. Conclusion : As the global threat of CoViD-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the awareness, perceptions and attitude of pediatric dentists. Educational interventions are urgently needed to reach pediatric dentists beyond borders, and further studies are warranted.

Background:Behavioral dentistry is an interdisciplinary science which needs to be learned, practiced, and reinforced in order to provide quality dental care in children.Aim:To assess the anxiety experienced during dental treatment in preschool children with/without rotary instruments using behavioral scale.Study and Design:Sixty pediatric patients of preschool age with bilateral occlusal carious lesions extending into dentin were selected for the study. Carious lesions were removed using conventional rotary instruments on one side and Papacarie – chemomechanical caries removal of approach on contra lateral side. Both cavities were restored with glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX). Anxiety scores were determined using ‘Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale’ (Wong et al, 1998) during the various clinical stages of the treatment course.Results:Children experienced relaxed behavior when subjected to Papacarie method of caries removal compared to conventional method using rotary instruments.Conclusion:This study helped us to provide behavioral measures and introduce children to dentistry in a nonthreatening setting.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has posed an extraordinary challenge to the world. Dental healthcare personnel are considered to be at high risk as they work in close proximity to the oral cavity of patients. New procedures of approach and management should be incorporated in different aspects of routine dental practice. In addition, pediatric dentists are posed with unique and extraordinary challenges of parental anxiety and behavioral guidance of pediatric patients and parents/guardians. The aim of this study was to highlight the changing perceptions of pediatric dental practice as the ‘new normal’ in the post‐COVID era.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using Papacarie and Carisolv as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary molars. Study design: A controlled, randomized clinical trial involving 120 necrotic canals from both genders between 3 and 7 years old children were included, 30 irrigated with Papacarie [ group I], Carisolv [ group II], 1% NaOCl gel [ group III] and 1% Na0Cl solution [group IV ] each; in all cases, 2 microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before obturation. All samples were evaluated by Agar plate method. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in all the groups, a strong significant decrease in bacterial load [ p = < 0.001 ] was found with Papacarie and Carisolv. Conclusion: Papacarie and Carisolv can be suggested as an alternative irrigant for pulpectomy of necrotic teeth.

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Aim: To assess the biocompatibility, bioactivity and gene expression analysis of SHEDs incubated in various Calcium Silicate Based Cements. Study design: Following PRISMA statement, a search was carried out in the electronic databases–PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and DOAJ from January 2000 to 31 May 2021. In vitro trials examining the response of SHEDs to the treatment with CSCs were eligible. Results: 10 trials were included after the selection process. These trials involved the assessment of cell viability, cell migration, cell adhesion, mineralization potential and gene expression analysis of SHEDs cultured in MTA, Biodentine, EndoCem Zr, RetroMTA, TheraCal & iRoot BP plus. Conclusion: MTA, Biodentine, EndoCem Zr, RetroMTA and iRoot BP showed adequate biocompatibility, bioactivity and genetic expression towards SHEDs, to support their clinical use in vital pulp treatment of primary teeth.

A bstract Background Knowledge of the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of endodontic materials may assist in understanding their ability to promote dental pulp stem cell activity and pulp healing in primary teeth. Materials and methods This systematic review was carried out by searching the electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane reviews for the articles published between January 2000 and December 2018 using the appropriate MeSH keywords. An independent investigator evaluated the abstracts and titles for possible inclusion, as per the stipulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. The topics considered for extracting data from each study were: cell lineage, cytotoxicity assay used, and type of material tested. Results Seven eligible studies were selected for assessing the quality of evidence on the bioactivity of bioactive endodontic cements (BECs) (1 human cell line, 2 animal cell lines, and 4 in vitro , animal, and human studies) and 13 studies were selected for reviewing the quality of evidence on cytotoxicity (7 human cell lines, 4 animal cell lines, and 2 animal model studies). Very limited studies had been conducted on the bioactivity of materials other than mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). With regards to cytotoxicity, the studies were diverse and most of the studies were based on MTT assay. Mineral trioxide aggregate is the most frequently used as well as studied root-end filling cement, and the literature evidence corroborated its reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced bioavailability. Conclusion There was a lack of sufficient evidence to arrive at a consensus on the ideal material with minimal cytotoxicity and optimal bioactivity. More focused human/cell line-based studies are needed on the available root filling materials. Clinical significance The present systematic review provides an update on the available literature evidence on the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various BECs including MTAs and their influence on the different cells with respect to their composition and strength. How to cite this article Maru V, Dixit U, Patil RSB, et al. Cytotoxicity and Bioactivity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Bioactive Endodontic Type Cements: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):30–39.