Monkeypox: Clinical Considerations, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Diagnostics

Osborn, Lucas J; Villarreal, Diana Carolina Treviño; Wald-Dickler, Noah; Bard, Jennifer Dien

doi:10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2022.11.003

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are the most popular serum antibody tests for qualitative or quantitative analysis of the immune response to MPXV through antigen-antibody-specific binding reactions, which can rapidly detect serum IgG and IgM against MPXV. They are suitable for large-scale epidemiological investigations of high-risk populations and can also be used as an auxiliary diagnostic to RT-PCR technology [1,19,20]. Specific IgM and IgG antibodies are commonly detected 5-8 days after the appearance of a rash in a person infected with MPXV [19].…”

Section: Serum Antibody Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are suitable for large-scale epidemiological investigations of high-risk populations and can also be used as an auxiliary diagnostic to RT-PCR technology [1,19,20]. Specific IgM and IgG antibodies are commonly detected 5-8 days after the appearance of a rash in a person infected with MPXV [19]. IgG/IgM antibodies can be detected in whole blood, serum, plasma, and fingertip blood specimens.…”

Section: Serum Antibody Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic approaches for monkeypox virus

Fan,

Kuang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

iLABMED

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Mpox (formerly Monkeypox) is a zoonotic infection caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Since 2022, Mpox epidemics have occurred in many non‐endemic countries and regions, leading the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency of international concern. With the persistent transmission and evolution of MPXV, symptoms of Mpox have become milder, with some infections being asymptomatic. In addition, MPXV has become more contagious. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis and screening of MPXV is vital to prevent and control MPXV epidemics. Here, we review and summarize the technical details, application scenarios, and the advantages and disadvantages of MPXV‐specific diagnostic methods.

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Section: Serum Antibody Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Serum Antibody Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approaches for monkeypox virus

Fan,

Kuang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

iLABMED

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“…Orthopoxvirus-specific IgG and IgM appear 5 to 8 days post-infection with monkeypox or vaccination with the vaccinia virus, and may be detected using an ELISA or a lateral flow immunochromatographic test ( 4 , 61 , 123 , 150 , 152 ). However, these antibodies cannot differentiate between the various orthopoxviruses, as a result of cross-reactivity ( 61 , 123 , 150 , 152 ).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Zahmatyar,

Fazlollahi,

Motamedi

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Human monkeypox is a zoonotic infection that is similar to the diseases caused by other poxviruses. It is endemic among wild rodents in the rainforests of Central and Western Africa, and can be transmitted via direct skin contact or mucosal exposure to infected animals. The initial symptoms include fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, the last of which is the main symptom that distinguishes it from smallpox. In order to prevent and manage the disease, those who are infected must be rapidly diagnosed and isolated. Several vaccines have already been developed (e.g., JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 and ACAM3000) and antiviral drugs (e.g., cidofovir and tecovirimat) can also be used to treat the disease. In the present study, we reviewed the history, morphology, clinical presentations, transmission routes, diagnosis, prevention, and potential treatment strategies for monkeypox, in order to enable health authorities and physicians to better deal with this emerging crisis.

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“…By October 2023, over 90 thousand infections have been reported to the WHO from 115 countries and territories, including hundreds of deaths ( https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global ). The virus causes monkeypox, a zoonotic infectious disease with smallpox-like symptoms, including rash, fever, headache, and muscle pain ( 2 – 5 ). In most cases, the symptoms are mild, but rare life-threatening complications, such as pneumonia, central nervous system infection, and organ failure, can still occur ( 6 , 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive one-pot detection of monkeypox virus with RPA and CRISPR in a sucrose-aided multiphase aqueous system

Wang,

Tang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The monkeypox virus, which was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO), continues to cause infection cases worldwide. Given the risk of virus evolution, it is essential to identify monkeypox virus infection in a timely manner and isolate patients to prevent outbreaks so that the vulnerable population is protected and the emergence of dangerous monkeypox variants is restrained. In this study, a novel one-pot recombinase polymerase amplification-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (RPA-CRISPR) assay for monkeypox based on a sucrose-aided multiphase aqueous system has been established with an ultra-high sensitivity of a single copy, which is 10 times higher than the existing RPA-CRISPR one-pot method. The entire reaction was completed within 60 min at 37°C. The detection method exhibited good specificity, effectively distinguishing monkeypox from other orthopoxviruses. The detection results could be observed by the naked eye under ultraviolet or blue light, making it highly suitable for home or limited healthcare settings. The assay has solved the incompatibility between the Cas12a cleavage reaction and the RPA reaction and shows good specificity, accuracy, and the rapidness and convenience important for point-of-care testing. It provides an effective tool for the early diagnosis of monkeypox and sets a technical example of using a multiphase aqueous system to establish one-pot RPA-CRISPR detection. IMPORTANCE The monkeypox virus was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and continues to cause infection cases worldwide. Given the risk of virus evolution, it is essential to identify monkeypox virus infection in a timely manner to prevent outbreaks. This study establishes a novel one-pot recombinase polymerase amplification-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (RPA-CRISPR) assay for monkeypox virus with an ultra-high sensitivity. The assay shows good specificity, accuracy, and the rapidness and convenience important for point-of-care testing. It provides an effective tool for the early diagnosis of monkeypox, which is useful for the prevention of an epidemic.

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Monkeypox: Clinical Considerations, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Diagnostics

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Diagnostic approaches for monkeypox virus

Diagnostic approaches for monkeypox virus

Human monkeypox: history, presentations, transmission, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Ultrasensitive one-pot detection of monkeypox virus with RPA and CRISPR in a sucrose-aided multiphase aqueous system

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