Monitoring

Ozeki, Larissa Mourad; Caulkett, Nigel

doi:10.1002/9781118792919.ch2

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Due to the large variation in heart rates observed for a given mass, the effect of anesthesia may not have been noticeable. In addition, anesthetic protocols can have opposing effects on heart rate with some increasing heart rate ( Picker et al, 2001 ) while others decrease heart rate ( Ko and Krimins, 2014 ; Ozeki and Caulkett, 2014 ). Since the anesthetic agent in many of these studies was not specified, this could also contribute to the lack of observable effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic Scaling Reveals Differences in Electrocardiogram Interval Durations Between Marine and Terrestrial Mammals

2021

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Although the ability of marine mammals to lower heart rates for extended periods when diving is well documented, it is unclear whether marine mammals have electrophysiological adaptations that extend beyond overall bradycardia. We analyzed electrocardiographic data from 50 species of terrestrial mammals and 19 species of marine mammals to determine whether the electrical activity of the heart differs between these two groups of mammals. We also tested whether physiological state (i.e., anesthetized or conscious) affects electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters. Analyses of ECG waveform morphology (heart rate, P-wave duration, and PQ, PR, QRS, and QT intervals) revealed allometric relationships between body mass and all ECG intervals (as well as heart rate) for both groups of mammals and specific differences in ECG parameters between marine mammals and their terrestrial counterparts. Model outputs indicated that marine mammals had 19% longer P-waves, 24% longer QRS intervals, and 21% shorter QT intervals. In other words, marine mammals had slower atrial and ventricular depolarization, and faster ventricular repolarization than terrestrial mammals. Heart rates and PR intervals were not significantly different between marine and terrestrial mammals, and physiological state did not significantly affect any ECG parameter. On average, ECG interval durations of marine and terrestrial mammals scaled with body mass to the power of 0.21 (range: 0.19–0.23) rather than the expected 0.25—while heart rate scaled with body mass to the power of –0.22 and was greater than the widely accepted –0.25 derived from fractal geometry. Our findings show clear differences between the hearts of terrestrial and marine mammals in terms of cardiac timing that extend beyond diving bradycardia. They also highlight the importance of considering special adaptations (such as breath-hold diving) when analyzing allometric relationships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic Scaling Reveals Differences in Electrocardiogram Interval Durations Between Marine and Terrestrial Mammals

2021

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“…As hypoxemia can lead to anesthetic mortalities in wildlife, supplemental oxygen was provided to the civets via an endotracheal tube every time the SpO 2 level fell below 90% in this study. Another possibility of the decreased SpO 2 reading in the A-M group could be attributed to the vasoconstriction caused by α-2 adrenoceptor agonist drugs resulting in a less accurate pulse oximetry reading [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of alfaxalone-medetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam in rescued common palm civets (<i>Paradoxurus musangus</i>)

Ahmad¹,

Wahab²,

Yeo³

et al. 2019

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Forty rescued common palm civets were anesthetized. Twenty animals received intramuscular injections of alfaxalone 5 mg/kg and medetomidine 0.05 mg/kg (A-M group), whereas twenty animals received 5 mg/kg of tiletamine and zolazepam (T-Z group). The A-M group was reversed with atipamazole 0.25 mg/kg. There were no significant differences in the time from anesthetic injection to induction and intubation between the A-M and T-Z groups. The time from the injection of reversal in the A-M group and the time from cessation of isoflurane in the T-Z group to extubation, first response to recovery and ambulation were longer (P<0.05) in the T-Z group. The T-Z group recorded lower (P<0.05) rectal temperatures compared to the A-M group. This study showed that both drug combinations can be used effectively for the immobilization of civets. The A-M combination provided better anesthetic depth, but with higher incidence of bradycardia and hypoxemia. The recovery time was reduced significantly as atipamezole was used as a reversal agent in the A-M combination.

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“…An injection of sustained release buprenorphine, i 0.12 mg/kg SC was given for pain management. 9,10…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid a was continued for a week postoperatively and the sustained release buprenorphine i for pain control was considered adequate for 3 days in the postoperative period. 9,10 An oral examination 2 days postoperatively revealed a partial dehiscence of the gingival incision at the mesial aspect (Figure 3). Subsequent daily examinations confirmed secondary healing of the extraction site.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Canine Tooth Fractures in the Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris): Three Cases

et al. 2019

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The Marine Mammal Center (TMMC) in Sausalito, California, rescues, rehabilitates, and releases hundreds of stranded northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) each year. Common causes for stranding include maternal separation, malnutrition, and trauma. Causes of trauma include shark bites, conspecific interactions, and anthropogenic factors. Several cases of fractured teeth, secondary to presumed trauma, are presented to the center each year. This case series describes surgical approach and treatment of 3 young northern elephant seals that were admitted to TMMC for rehabilitation with tooth fractures with pulp exposure of maxillary or mandibular canine teeth. All 3 seals were successfully released into their natural environment.

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Monitoring

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Electrocardiographic Scaling Reveals Differences in Electrocardiogram Interval Durations Between Marine and Terrestrial Mammals

Electrocardiographic Scaling Reveals Differences in Electrocardiogram Interval Durations Between Marine and Terrestrial Mammals

Comparison of alfaxalone-medetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam in rescued common palm civets (<i>Paradoxurus musangus</i>)

Treatment of Canine Tooth Fractures in the Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris): Three Cases

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