Electrocardiographic Scaling Reveals Differences in Electrocardiogram Interval Durations Between Marine and Terrestrial Mammals

Storlund, Rhea L.; Rosen, David A. S.; Trites, Andrew W.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.690029

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The heart is the cardiovascular system's central organ, which ensures blood flow through the vessels. According to (Storlund et al, 2021), the heart is a muscular hollow organ and is topographically and functionally the central organ of the cardiovascular system, ensuring blood circulation. The heart of mature sheep is conical, with a dilated base and a narrowed apex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric parameters of the heart of domestic sheep Ovis aries L., 1758

Ragulya,

Goralskyi,

Sokulskyi

et al. 2024

Ukr. Jour. of Vet. and Agr. Sci.

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The cardiovascular system is one of the most critical animal systems. Its main functions are to supply organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients and to remove metabolic products from tissues. Diseases of the cardiovascular system of animals cause significant economic damage, including reduced productivity, reproductive qualities, and the development of concomitant diseases. The prevention, diagnosis, surgery, and treatment of such pathologies are only possible by knowing the morphofunctional parameters of comparative anatomy, histology, and physiology. The heart plays a vital role in blood circulation and regulates the proper functioning and development of all organs of animal and human organisms. The study of the heart structure reveals topography features, age-related morphology, and development of this organ in domestic animals and remains relevant. The article is a fragment of the scientific developments of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, Hygiene and Forensics of Polissia National University on the following topics: “Features of the morphology of the heart of domestic mammals” (state registration number 0121U108884); “Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological conditions”, state registration number 0113U000900. In the study, sexually mature clinically healthy animals (n = 5) belonging to the class Mammalia – Mammals, species Ovis aries L., 1758 – domestic sheep (ram) were investigated. The study aimed to evaluate the morphological structures of the heart of mature sheep using macro- and microscopic, morphometric, and statistical research methods. The heart of a sexually mature domestic sheep was subjected to anatomical dissection. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to study the cyto- and histoarchitectonics of the heart for microscopic examination of transverse striated myocardial muscle tissue, detection of cardiomyocyte cytostructure, and Heidenhain staining of histological specimens were used. The morphology of the heart in sheep has a similar organization plan, topographic location of the organ, and anatomical and histological structure. However, there are some striking species and morphological features. The heart of the domestic sheep belongs to the expanded-shortened anatomical type (according to its development index – 145.5 ± 4.02 %). According to the studies, the absolute and relative weight of the heart of mature sheep is, accordingly, 208.4 ± 9.82 g and 0.44 ± 0.007 %, and the weight without epicardial fat is 175.0 ± 8.17 g. It has been shown that the microscopic structure of the ventricles and atria of the sheep heart differ in cytometric parameters. Cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle have the most significant volume (3982.99 ± 423.96 μm3), the smaller – of the right ventricle (2463.02 ± 318.04 μm3). The lowest index was observed in atrial cardiomyocytes (1215.93 ± 176.94 μm3). The volumes of cardiomyocyte nuclei in the left ventricle were (53.42 ± 5.18 μm3) and in the right ventricle (52.85 ± 4.33 μm3). The volume of atrial nuclei (50.16 ± 4.57 μm3) is almost the same. Such ambiguous morphometric parameters of cardiomyocytes and their nuclei volumes are directly reflected in their nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, which is the smallest in cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle (0.0136 ± 0.0062), larger in cardiomyocytes of the right ventricle (0.0219 ± 0.0079) and the largest (0.0430 ± 0.0096) in atrial cardiomyocytes. The obtained results of the study of the macro- and microscopic structure of the heart of domestic sheep significantly supplement the information on heart morphology in the relevant sections of comparative anatomy and histology and are a significant contribution to clinical cardiology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the pumps create a directed blood flow in the appropriate direction. According to (Storlund et al, 2021), the heart is a muscular hollow organ and is topographically and functionally the central organ of the cardiovascular system, ensuring blood circulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric parameters of the heart of domestic sheep Ovis aries L., 1758

Ragulya,

Goralskyi,

Sokulskyi

et al. 2024

Ukr. Jour. of Vet. and Agr. Sci.

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“…Two sirenian-specific amino acid changes in KCNE2 were observed (Figure 3e and Table S11). The West Indian manatee has a prolonged QT interval compared to Asian and African elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta spp., respectively) 41,42 . However, like cetaceans and pinnipeds, the sirenian cardiovascular system has many unique anatomical features compared to their closest terrestrial relatives and a direct comparison remains challenging 41,42 .…”

Section: The Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The West Indian manatee has a prolonged QT interval compared to Asian and African elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta spp., respectively) 41,42 . However, like cetaceans and pinnipeds, the sirenian cardiovascular system has many unique anatomical features compared to their closest terrestrial relatives and a direct comparison remains challenging 41,42 . Thus, although sirenian-specific KCNE2 amino acid substitutions may be damaging in a human or elephant, such effects on the cardiovascular system may be less severe (or even adaptive) in a species with a cardiac anatomy modified for aquatic life.…”

Section: The Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sirenian genomes illuminate the evolution of fully aquatic species within the mammalian superorder Afrotheria

Tian,

Zhang,

Kang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sirenians of the diverse superorder Afrotheria were the first mammals to retransition from land to water and are the sole herbivorous marine mammals, but little is known about the underlying genomic changes. Here, we generated a chromosome-level dugong (Dugong dugon) genome. A comparison of our assembly and a recent West Indian manatee genome with other afrotherian genomes revealed possible molecular solutions to aquatic life by sirenians, including a shift in daily activity patterns (circadian clock) and tolerance to a high-iodine plant diet mediated through changes in the iodide transporter NIS (SLC5A5) and its co-transporters. Functional in vitro assays confirmed that sirenian amino acid substitutions alter the properties of the circadian clock protein PER2 and NIS. Sirenians show evidence of convergent regression of integumentary system (skin and its appendages) genes with cetaceans, the only other fully aquatic mammal group. Our analysis also uncovered gene losses that may be maladaptive in a modern environment, including a candidate gene (KCNK18) for sirenian cold stress syndrome likely lost during their evolutionary shift in daily activity patterns. Finally, genomes from nine Australian locations and the functionally extinct Okinawan population confirm and date a genetic break on the Australian east coast and highlight the need for whole-genome resequencing data from small or isolated dugong populations worldwide for conservation and genetic management.

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“…У цьому випадку насоси служать для створення спрямованого потоку крові у відповідному напрямку. Саме серце, за даними (Storlund et al, 2021), являє собою м'язовий порожнистий орган і у топографічному та функціональному відношенні є центральним органом серцево-судинної системи, забезпечуючи циркуляцію крові.…”

Section: результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

Anatomical and morphological features of the heart of a domestic dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris L., 1758)

Ragulya,

Goralskyi,

Sokulskyi

et al. 2024

SMLNUVMB

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Cardiovascular organopathology in dogs occurs quite often, but is not fully diagnosed. The occurrence of cardiovascular pathology is due to inadequate physical activity, infectious diseases, injuries, blood loss, diseases of the lungs and other systems, hereditary factors, etc. It is known that prevention, diagnosis, surgical intervention and treatment of these pathologies are impossible without knowledge of the morpho-functional parameters of anatomy, histology and physiology. The cardiovascular system in mammals performs vital functions, ensuring the vital activity of the animal and human body. The cardiovascular system is very plastic in relation to the morpho-functional relationship and has not only pronounced hereditary individual traits, but also the ability to quickly adapt to the changing conditions of the organism's existence. It is one of the first to respond to various natural and anthropogenic factors of the environment and physical stress. The study of the cardiovascular system is an urgent issue today. The aim of the study was to study the morphological assessment of macro- and microstructures of the heart of a sexually mature domestic dog (n = 5), class – Mammalia, species – wolf (Canis lupus), subspecies – domestic dog (Canis familiaris). The completed work is a fragment of the scientific topic of the scientific research work of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, Hygiene and Expertise of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Polish National University on the topic: “Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological conditions”, according to state registration number No. 0113V000900 and scientific topics: “Features of the morphology of the heart of domestic mammals”, state registration No. 0121U108884. For the work, complex morphological research methods were used: anatomical, histological, organo-, histo- and cytometric, statistical, thanks to which new data on the peculiarities of the macro-, histo- and cytomorphometric characteristics of the morphological structures of the heart in the studied animals were presented. The dog's heart has a rounded shape, its absolute weight is 167.58 ± 9.46 g (without epicardial fat – 154.22 ± 8.04 g), relative weight is 0.72 ± 0.005 %. It was established that the microscopic structure of the ventricles and atria of the dog's heart differ by cytometric indicators, depending on their morphofunctional load. Thus, cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle have the largest volume – 2941.76 ± 127.44 μm3, the right one has a smaller volume – 2237.24 ± 103.02 μm3, and the cardiomyocytes of the atria have the smallest volume – 1496.92±98.02 μm3. The volume of the nuclei of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle is 64.58 ± 5.09 μm3, of the right ventricle – 59.97 ± 5.83 μm3, the volume of cardiomyocytes of the atria is correspondingly smaller – 53.06 ± 6.02 μm3. At the same time, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle is equal to 0.0224±0.0076, cardiomyocytes of the right ventricle are more important – 0.0275 ± 0.0081, and cardiomyocytes of the atria are the most important – 0.0367 ± 0.0105. We associate such ambiguous cytometric parameters of cardiomyocytes with the morphofunctional activity of the ventricles and the functional features of this myocardial tissue, which is capable of spontaneous rhythmic contractions, as a result of which blood moves through a closed vascular system. Information on the morphology of the heart of a domestic dog, including the results of the study of the macro- and microscopic structure of the studied organs, which are presented in the publication, are of great importance for histology and comparative anatomy, and also make a significant contribution to clinical veterinary medicine.

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Electrocardiographic Scaling Reveals Differences in Electrocardiogram Interval Durations Between Marine and Terrestrial Mammals

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Morphometric parameters of the heart of domestic sheep Ovis aries L., 1758

Morphometric parameters of the heart of domestic sheep Ovis aries L., 1758

Sirenian genomes illuminate the evolution of fully aquatic species within the mammalian superorder Afrotheria

Anatomical and morphological features of the heart of a domestic dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris L., 1758)

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