Monitoring the quality of ethanol-based hand sanitizers by low-cost near-infrared spectroscopy

Pasquini, Célio; Silva, Maria do Carmo Hespanhol da; Cruz, Kaíque A.M.L.; PEREIRA, Alexandre Fonte

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2020.105421

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Triethanolamine (TEA) is responsible as a pH regulator and stabilizer in hand sanitizer formulations [21], [23]. This material has a pH of 10.5 and dissolves in water, methanol, carbon tetrachloride, and acetone [24].…”

Section: A Making Hand Sanitizermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second stage is making a mixture of the active ingredients alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol, and bioethanol) with glycerin and IPM. Glycerin functions as an emollient or moisturizer that counteracts the negative effects of alcohol which can trigger dry and irritated skin due to astringent absorption [23], [25]. Emollients also increase antibacterial activity by slowing down the drying time or extending the deposition time of alcohol on the skin surface [22].…”

Section: A Making Hand Sanitizermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expansion of Hand Hygiene Compliance and Decreasing Counterfeiting of Sanitation Products in the Era of the COVID-19 through Diversification and Standardization of Alcohol-Based Gel and Wipes Hand Sanitizer

Kusumawati¹,

Setiarso²,

Santoso³

et al. 2022

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

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The increasing cases of infection and the number of deaths triggered by COVID-19 make all prevention and treatment efforts urgent. Increased discipline to maintain hand hygiene must be sought immediately to break the chain of its spread. The availability of alcohol-based hand sanitizer products with various specifications is needed to ensure increased discipline in hand hygiene. This study carried out the diversification of alcohol-based hand sanitizers by varying the active ingredients and preparations. The effect of alcohol on the characteristics and anti-microbial activity of the gel and wipe hand sanitizer products was studied to obtain optimal benefits. The best hand sanitizer characteristics are shown in gel formulation 3 with bioethanol as an active ingredient, which has pH 5.88, good homogeneity, density 0.95 g/cm 3 , viscosity 2783.69 cPs, dispersibility 5.16 cm, adhesion 3.21 s, and dry time 29.27 s. While the best formulation of wipe hand sanitizer produced by formulation 3 made from bioethanol has a pH of 6.14, good homogeneity, density 0.86 g/cm 3 , viscosity 2.812 cPs, spreadability 15.34 cm, adhesion 1.92 s, and dry time 18.20 s. The biological activity test results of the two best hand sanitizer formulations, gel, and wipe preparations, showed good anti-microbial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella. In addition, the two preparations of hand sanitizer products were also detected to have good stability characteristics up to 4 weeks of storage time.

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Section: A Making Hand Sanitizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Making Hand Sanitizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of Hand Hygiene Compliance and Decreasing Counterfeiting of Sanitation Products in the Era of the COVID-19 through Diversification and Standardization of Alcohol-Based Gel and Wipes Hand Sanitizer

Kusumawati¹,

Setiarso²,

Santoso³

et al. 2022

International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Though the proportion of substandard products may vary, the situation has been perilous either in Italy (Berardi, Cenci-Goga, et al 2020), Turkey (Berkkan and Ulutas 2020), or Dubai (Jairoun et al 2021). Development and validation of a scale to identify falsi ed hand sanitizer (Jairoun et al 2020) or availability of low-cost portable instrument for monitoring ethanol content (Pasquini et al 2020) or on-site methanol screening (Güntner et al 2021) with enforcement authorities can be instigated to curb such counterfeit products. Consumer awareness on telltale signs for the identi cation of fraudulent ABHSs can be created (Aschenbrenner 2020).…”

Section: Hazards Due To Methanol Mixing or Counterfeit Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Enigma of Hand Sanitizer In COVID-19 – A Bibliometric Analysis of Related Publications Over the Year

Samuel

Babu

Arjunan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Alcohol-based sand sanitizers (ABHSs) are effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19 and has been integrated to our daily life since the onset of the outbreak. However, the sudden and unprecedented global induction of ABHSs has not been smooth, as conflicting reports continued to pour into the public domain, not all for good reason. This review, therefore, attempts to identify the emerging aspects of ABHSs in the era of COVID-19. Articles indexed in Scopus and PubMed on “hand sanitizer” published between January 2020 and February 2021, were screened based on PRISMA guidelines, and classified into different thematic groups. Selected articles on hand sanitizers (101) primarily echo “health hazard” (40, 39.6%) associated with accidental/intentional exposure, methanol toxicity, or occupational irritant contact dermatitis. Articles on “formulations” (23, 22.8%) and “efficacy” (18, 17.8%) mainly refer to alcoholic preparations, though a small subset of formulations has been actually been tested against SARS-Cov-2. Articles on semi-alcoholic, non-alcoholic, or even ayurvedic preparations have been implicated without a standardized efficacy report. Quality concern (12, 11.9%), and shortage (8, 7.9%) have also been reflected in publications during the pandemic. However, this representation is somewhat overinflated given that 28% of total articles are of review, editorial, letters, and not actual case studies. Many potential studies designed in the pandemic might not have reached to publication stage. However, the implication from existing studies on the use of ABHSs can still be useful to build better public awareness, and prioritize interventional strategies among stakeholders.

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“…Analytical methods using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy have been developed for determining ethanol and isopropanol content in hand sanitizer products (Fonseca Jr., and Brito LRe, Pimentel MF, Leal LB. 2020;Gupta et al 2021;Pasquini et al 2020;Evans and Ariel 2020;ACd et al n.d.). These spectroscopic techniques are non-destructive and obtain results quickly but they lack the sensitivity required to detect many impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a headspace GC-MS method to evaluate the interconversion of impurities and the product quality of liquid hand sanitizers

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased usage of hand sanitizer products by the public to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and decrease the likelihood of acquiring the disease. The increase in demand has also led to an increase in the number of manufacturers. This work describes the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) laboratories efforts to develop tests to assess the quality of hand sanitizer products containing ethanol or isopropanol as the primary active ingredient. The products were evaluated for the active ingredient content and determination of the 12 impurities listed in the FDA Hand Sanitizer Temporary Guidance, followed by a spike recovery assay performed to verify the test results. Extensive method development was conducted including an investigation into the stability of ethanol, isopropanol, and the 12 impurities. Stability and kinetic studies confirmed the instability of acetal in acidic liquid hand sanitizer products during spike recovery assay testing. The headspace GC-MS method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines and the spike recovery assay was validated using three concentrations of standards for the drug product. During method application, six liquid hand sanitizer products were tested and all were determined to have ethanol or isopropanol above 70% v/v. Two liquid hand sanitizer products were determined to contain acetaldehyde as an impurity above the FDA recommended safety levels.

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Monitoring the quality of ethanol-based hand sanitizers by low-cost near-infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Expansion of Hand Hygiene Compliance and Decreasing Counterfeiting of Sanitation Products in the Era of the COVID-19 through Diversification and Standardization of Alcohol-Based Gel and Wipes Hand Sanitizer

Expansion of Hand Hygiene Compliance and Decreasing Counterfeiting of Sanitation Products in the Era of the COVID-19 through Diversification and Standardization of Alcohol-Based Gel and Wipes Hand Sanitizer

Unravelling the Enigma of Hand Sanitizer In COVID-19 – A Bibliometric Analysis of Related Publications Over the Year

Development and validation of a headspace GC-MS method to evaluate the interconversion of impurities and the product quality of liquid hand sanitizers

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