Monitoring the NSL Standard of EMF Using the AC Josephson Effect

Harvey, I K; Macfarlane, J.C.; Frenkel, R. B.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/8/3/006

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Clarke [18] showed that the values obtained for 2e/h in lead, tin and indium are the same to within one part in lo*, and Parker et al [19] found this ratio to be independent of the type of Josephson junction, junction geometry, magnetic field and microwave power. Further experiments [20,21,221 with improved accuracy confirmed the general validity of (2.2) and theoretical investigations [23, 24, 251 also indicated that corrections to (2.2), if any, are extremely small.…”

Section: Josephson Voltage Standards -Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Josephson Effect and Voltage Standards

Pöpel

1992

Metrologia

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Josephson voltage standards with series arrays of up to 20 000 tunnel junctions can generate stable reference voltages at arbitrary values between - 15 V and + 15 V. These standards, which are now installed in many national and industrial laboratories, are used to calibrate Weston cells or Zener reference standards, to measure the linearity of digital voltmeters, and as precise potentiometers for the measurement of voltage and resistance ratios. The fundamental principles, the historical development, the design, the fabrication and the operation of these voltage standards are reviewed.

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Section: Josephson Voltage Standards -Historical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Josephson Effect and Voltage Standards

Pöpel

1992

Metrologia

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“…Since the first single-point contact junctions, capable of producing 10 mV when irradiated with 100 GHz, were used as a voltage reference [5], JVSs have advanced substantially in terms of voltage output capability, mostly as a consequence of the progress of microelectronic fabrication technologies.…”

Section: Array Of Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BIPM direct on-site Josephson voltage standard comparisons: 20 years of results

Solve¹,

Stöck²

2012

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The discovery of the Josephson effect has for the first time given national metrology institutes (NMIs) the possibility of maintaining voltage references which are stable in time. In addition, the introduction in 1990 of a conventional value for the Josephson constant, KJ-90, has greatly improved world-wide consistency among representations of the volt. For 20 years, the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) has conducted an ongoing, direct, on-site key comparison of Josephson voltage standards among NMIs under the denominations BIPM.EM-K10.a (1 V) and BIPM.EM-K10.b (10 V) in the framework of the mutual recognition arrangement (CIPM MRA). The results of 41 comparisons illustrate the consistency among primary voltage standards and have demonstrated that a relative total uncertainty of a few parts in 1010 is achievable if a few precautions are taken with regard to the measurement set-up. Of particular importance are the grounding, efficient filters and high insulation resistance of the measurement leads, and clean microwave distribution along the propagation line to the Josephson array. This paper reviews the comparison scheme and technical issues that need to be taken into account to achieve a relative uncertainty at the level of a few parts in 1010 or even a few parts in 1011 in the best cases.

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“…The accuracy of the Josephson voltage-frequency relation Vϭn f /K J , and its independence from experimental conditions, such as bias current, temperature, and junction materials, have been subjected to many tests. 11,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] No significant deviation from this relation has ever been found. In the most precise of these experiments, two Josephson de-vices are driven by the same frequency source, biased on the same step, and connected in series opposition across a small inductor.…”

Section: ͑1͒mentioning

confidence: 99%