“…In the present study, the TPC value of the U. lactuca extract was 7.72±0.30 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of extract. The U. lactuca extract obtained here had a relatively lower TPC value compared to that reported in previous studies on U. lactuca methanolwater (4:1) extracts (Aslan et al, 2019). Differences in extraction methods might partly account for the differences in TPC values among different studies.…”
In this study, an extract of Ulva lactuca was investigated for its in vitro antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and reducing power) and enzyme inhibitory activities (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). The anti-inflammatory effect of U. lactuca extract was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, a widely used macrophage cell line. We observed that U. lactuca extract contained a relatively high total phenolic content (7.72 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of extract) and exhibited multiple antioxidant activities including the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals as well as reducing power. Simultaneously, we found that U. lactuca extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by the reduction of nitric oxide in the U. lactuca extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, U. lactuca extract had a moderate inhibitory effect on α-amylase, although it showed no obvious inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase at the concentration tested. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the phenolic-enriched U. lactuca extract exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited enzyme (α-amylase) relevant to hyperglycemia. Further research is required to determine the potential of developing the U. lactuca extract as a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical ingredient.
“…In the present study, the TPC value of the U. lactuca extract was 7.72±0.30 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of extract. The U. lactuca extract obtained here had a relatively lower TPC value compared to that reported in previous studies on U. lactuca methanolwater (4:1) extracts (Aslan et al, 2019). Differences in extraction methods might partly account for the differences in TPC values among different studies.…”
In this study, an extract of Ulva lactuca was investigated for its in vitro antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and reducing power) and enzyme inhibitory activities (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). The anti-inflammatory effect of U. lactuca extract was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, a widely used macrophage cell line. We observed that U. lactuca extract contained a relatively high total phenolic content (7.72 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of extract) and exhibited multiple antioxidant activities including the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals as well as reducing power. Simultaneously, we found that U. lactuca extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity as evidenced by the reduction of nitric oxide in the U. lactuca extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, U. lactuca extract had a moderate inhibitory effect on α-amylase, although it showed no obvious inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase at the concentration tested. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the phenolic-enriched U. lactuca extract exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited enzyme (α-amylase) relevant to hyperglycemia. Further research is required to determine the potential of developing the U. lactuca extract as a nutraceutical or pharmaceutical ingredient.
“…Due to the fact that there may be a C=C stretching vibration absorption peak at 1,653 cm −1 , it can be inferred that unsaturated fatty acids were present in the IDF and SDF samples and that there are more types of unsaturated fatty acids in IDF than in SDF (Shofia et al., 2018). The background peaks observed beyond 3,500 cm −1 correspond with the hydroxyl groups that are present in carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose (Aslan et al., 2019).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Currently, few have reported on whether the dietary fibers in algae contain bound phenolic compounds. Aslan, Aksu, Korkmaz, Taskin, and Caglar (2019) extracted the polyphenolic substances from algae collected from Bosphorus and quantified the content of ascorbic acid, phenolic acids, and flavonoids; however, the composition and content of each individual phenolic compound were not identified. The chemical and physical properties of dietary fibers in algae have been widely studied (Gómez‐Ordóñez et al., 2010; Yaich et al., 2015), and algae fibers have been shown to have some biological activities, such as antioxidant activity (Jiménez‐Escrig, Jiménez‐Jiménez, Pulido, & Saura‐Calixto, 2001), intestinal flora regulation activity (Ajanth Praveen, Karthika Parvathy, Jayabalan, & Balasubramanian, 2019), cholesterol metabolism regulation activity (Jiménez‐Escrig & Sánchez‐Muniz 2000), and immunoregulation activity (Praveen, Parvathy, Balasubramanian, & Jayabalan, 2019).…”
The morphological, physicochemical, and biochemical properties of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber from seven types of algae were investigated. The soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents (6.48 to 60.90% of the total fiber) in most of the investigated algae were significantly lower than the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) contents (39.10 to 93.52% of the total fiber). It can be inferred from the infrared and UV‐Vis spectra that the SDF and IDF of algae may contain cellulose, hemicellulose, various monosaccharides, phenolic compounds, and quinone pigments. The bound phenolic in the seven algae varied widely in contents (3.76 to 14.08 mg GAE/g in IDF and 1.94 to 8.61 mg GAE/g in SDF), whose antioxidant activities in the IDF were stronger than those in SDF because of different phenolic compositions. The HPLC‐mass spectrometry (MS)/MS results showed that the IDF may contain methyl‐8α‐hydroxy‐grindelate‐7β‐O‐7′β‐ether hydrate, hydroxydecanoic acid, and malyngic acid.
Practical Application
Polysaccharides of high content in algae cannot be digested by humans, hence regarded as dietary fibers. A large amount of bound phenolic compounds in dietary fibers can add to the biological activities of dietary fibers. These topics are important to the development of seaweed‐based functional foods.
“…As reported by Amin [10] and Habbu et al [11], U. lactuca contains secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, which are useful as antimicrobial agents (Table -2) [13,[37][38][39][40][41][42]. The benefits of U. lactuca can be seen in Table -3 [42][43][44][45][46][47], including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antihyperlipidemic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibiofilm, and anticoagulant activities [13,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. The antibacterial activity of the U. lactuca extract against S. aureus is detailed in Table-4 [10,11,[49][50][51].…”
Section: Benefits Of Green Algae (U Lactuca)mentioning
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), currently a major problem in hospitals worldwide, is one of the most common causes of nosocomial disease through surgical wound infection. MRSA-infected wounds have very low recovery rates and have become more problematic as some antibiotics are not effective against MRSA. Several antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents of green algae (Ulva lactuca) in the form of alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and flavonoids have the potential to accelerate the wound healing process following MRSA wound infection. Various active compounds contained in the U. lactuca extract are thought to have multiple antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can overcome the MRSA antimicrobial resistance and accelerate tissue growth in the wound healing process. This review aims to describe the potential of Ulva lactuca extract against MRSA-infected wound healing.
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