Monitoring Reactions on Solid Phases with Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

The benefits of Raman spectroscopy were shown for the on-bead monitoring of diverse reactions. Raman spectroscopy was used for the development of new procedures on established linker systems, the real-time observation of several reactions on solid phases and the estimation of the reaction time for a new cleavage strategy. Selected conversions on solid phases, such as the on-bead conversion of functional groups and the attachment of novel building blocks, were demonstrated. Raman spectra were obtained after isolation and purification of the solid supports, but they were also measured directly in the reaction vessels. Even the detection of Raman-active functional groups in swollen polymer resins and in reaction mixtures was demonstrated, and allows real-time observation of the progress of diverse reactions on solid supports.

Spectroscopic and Electronic Properties of Molybdacarborane Complexes with Non‐innocently Acting Ligands

“…A distinguishing feature of 1 a , b are the vibrations of the carbonyl groups at 2017–2090 cm −1 and 1927/1852 cm −1 (λ exc =532 nm) or 1921 cm −1 and 1849 cm −1 (λ exc =780 nm). Analytical techniques based on Raman spectroscopy have already found application in various fields, like reaction monitoring, biosensing or metalloenzyme characterisation . A recent example also involves carboranes in biological application; a drawback might only be the rather high concentrations of some bioactive substances (100 m m ) which are needed when applied on some cell lines …”

Monitoring Solid‐Phase Reactions in Self‐Assembled Monolayers by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

“…In that respect, infrared (IR) spectroscopy and variants thereof including Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy,polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) are sensitive enough to measure solid thin films to provide information about the chemical functional groups present in aS AM. [17][18][19][20] Raman spectroscopy is an optical characterization method that relies on inelastic scattering of incident, monochromatic light at chemical bonds.I tc an therefore provide substantial information about the chemical composition of the specimen, [21] at least for Raman-active bonds. Contrary to IR spectroscopy,w here bonds with large dipole moments exhibit the highest signal intensities,bonds that are non-polar and polarizable are generally highly Raman-active.…”

“…[ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] Raman spectroscopy is an optical characterization method that relies on inelastic scattering of incident, monochromatic light at chemical bonds. It can therefore provide substantial information about the chemical composition of the specimen, [21] at least for Raman‐active bonds. Contrary to IR spectroscopy, where bonds with large dipole moments exhibit the highest signal intensities, bonds that are non‐polar and polarizable are generally highly Raman‐active.…”

Reaktionsverfolgung von Festphasensynthesen in selbstassemblierenden Monolagen mit oberflächenverstärkter Raman‐Spektroskopie

“…Die Raman‐Spektroskopie ist eine auf unelastischer Streuung von einfallendem monochromatischem Licht an chemischen Bindungen beruhende optische Charakterisierungsmethode. Sie kann deshalb substanziell zur Aufklärung der chemischen Beschaffenheit eines Analyten beitragen, zumindest für Raman‐aktive Bindungen [21] . Im Gegensatz zur IR‐Spektroskopie, bei der Bindungen mit großem Dipolmoment intensive Signale erzeugen, erzeugen apolare, polarisierbare Bindungen intensive Raman‐Signale.…”

“…Sie kann deshalb substanziell zur Aufklärung der chemischen Beschaffenheit eines Analyten beitragen, zumindest für Raman-aktive Bindungen. [21] Im Gegensatz zur IR-Spektroskopie, bei der Bindungen mit großem Dipolmoment intensive Signale erzeugen, erzeugen apolare, polarisierbare Bindungen intensive Raman-Signale. Da -mit Ausnahmen -viele schwach IR-aktive oder IR-inaktive Molekülschwingungen stark Raman-aktiv sind und umgekehrt, werden die beiden Methoden oft komplementär verwendet.…”