Monitoring of urine trans, trans-muconic acid level among smokers and non-smokers

Wiwanitkit, Viroj; Suwansaksri, Jamsai; Soogarun, Suphan

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2004.10.017

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, several authors have reported unexpectedly high urinary t,t-MA levels (corresponds exposure of 1 ppm benzene) in non occupationally-exposed control subjects 23,25) . As there was significant difference between urinary t,t-MA in smokers and non-smokers during this study, our results are in agreement with other researches [27][28][29] where the normal levels of t,t-MA in non-smokers at control group was less than 0.06 mg/g creatinine, while higher levels were found in active smokers (more than 0.3 mg/g creatinine).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Benzene Exposure in Drivers and Petrol Stations Workers by Urinary trans,trans-Muconic Acid in West of Iran

et al. 2007

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Motor vehicle traffic is the main emission source of benzene. We undertook this study in order to compare benzene exposure and urinary levels of trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in taxi drivers and petrol station workers. Air benzene levels were analyzed with gas chromatography using a Flame Ionization Detector. t,t-MA was extracted from urine and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Significant differences in levels of urinary t,t-MA were found in drivers and petrol station workers when compared to a control group (p<0.05). Correlation coefficients between benzene in air and t,t-MA for petrol station workers and drivers were 0.65 and 0.30, respectively. The concentration of benzene in the breathing zone of petrol station workers was 2-3 times higher than drivers, and also 3 times greater than a threshold level (0.5 ppm) recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The lowest benzene concentration at which urinary t,t-MA increased to a measurable level was approximately 0.17 ppm. In conclusion our results suggested that high benzene levels are emitted in petrol stations in west Iran. t,t-MA analysis was able to separate those exposed from the non-exposed benzene group when benzene in the breathing zone of subjects was greater than 0.17 ppm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Comparison of Benzene Exposure in Drivers and Petrol Stations Workers by Urinary trans,trans-Muconic Acid in West of Iran

et al. 2007

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“…It has been shown that cigarette smoke contained benzene (Smith, et al, 1997) and the levels of urinary specific metabolites of benzene such as t,t-muconic acid and S-phenylmercapturic acid were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (Manini, et al, 2006;Wiwanitkit, et al, 2005;Bono, et al, 2005), and higher unmetabolized benzene was also detected in smoker's urine (Johnson, et al, 2007;Kim, et al, 2006;Perbellini, et al, 2002;Waidyanatha, et al, 2001). In addition, our investigation revealed that house age could be the factor affecting indoor air benzene concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Possible sources of urinary benzene among nonoccupationally exposed Japanese subjects

et al. 2008

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Unmetabolized benzene in urine (U-benzene) is known to be the best marker among the indices for the biological monitoring of occupational and environmental exposure to benzene. In this study, we determined the levels of U-benzene among Japanese university students exposed to benzene nonoccupationally and analyzed the relation between U-benzene levels and the possible factors responsible for environmental benzene exposure. In urinalysis, U-benzene concentration among 124 students was detected in the range from 18 (minimum detection limit) to 249 ng/l. The frequency distribution of U-benzene concentration peaked at 0-19 ng/l. Mean and median values of 40 and 20 ng/l for U-benzene concentration in nonoccupationally exposed subjects were lower than those in a previous study. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the potential sources of exposure to environmental benzene by analyzing the relation between U-benzene and personal, behavioral, and environmental factors. The results showed that only smoking habit (P < 0.01) and residential house age (P < 0.05) were independent determinants of U-benzene levels. In addition, U-benzene levels in relation to smoking and house age suggested that these factors could be associated with the synergistic elevation of U-benzene. The present study showed U-benzene levels among non-occupationally exposed Japanese subjects and revealed that the major exposure sources to benzene in the general environment were tobacco smoking and indoor air contamination.

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“…Furthermore, significant increase in t,t-MA/creatinine of the exposed smokers was observed compared with exposed nonsmokers and the controls, smoker or nonsmoker. The explanation of this rise as cited by Wiwanitkit et al (2005) and Bahrami et al ( 2007) may be due to the smoking factor. Lauwerys et al (1994) reported that in male subjects occupationally exposed to benzene, the concentration of MA in urine was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hematological effect of benzene exposure with emphasis of muconic acid as a biomarker

et al. 2012

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Human exposure to benzene in work environment is a global occupational health problem. It is established that benzene requires to be metabolized to induce its effects. Benzene has been associated with various hematotoxins and carcinogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of benzene on complete blood picture, with emphasis of trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) as a biomarker of benzene in urine, considering the influence of cigarette smoke. A total of 81 workers (61 males and 20 females) have been occupationally exposed to benzene. In addition, 83 workers (55males and 28 females) were also recruited as a control group. Complete blood picture was analyzed and urinary t,t-MA was determined by liquid chromatography. In addition, creatinine in the urine samples was determined. Levels of blood elements (white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets) were decreased among exposed workers compared with the controls. The urinary level of t,t-MA/creatinine of the exposed workers was elevated especially in the smoking group compared to the controls. This study recommends that complete blood picture and t,t-MA are helpful biomarker tests that should be done to detect the early effects of benzene exposure.

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Monitoring of urine trans, trans-muconic acid level among smokers and non-smokers

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of Benzene Exposure in Drivers and Petrol Stations Workers by Urinary trans,trans-Muconic Acid in West of Iran

Comparison of Benzene Exposure in Drivers and Petrol Stations Workers by Urinary trans,trans-Muconic Acid in West of Iran

Possible sources of urinary benzene among nonoccupationally exposed Japanese subjects

Hematological effect of benzene exposure with emphasis of muconic acid as a biomarker

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