Monitoring of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. II. Extraction and recovery of six representative compounds with polyurethane foams

Basu, Dipak Kumar; Saxena, Jitendra Kumar

doi:10.1021/es60143a003

Cited by 48 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The number of samples ranged from 630 (naphthalene) to 926 (fluoranthene); the percentage of samples in which these PAHs were detected ranged from 1.0 (benzo[g,h,i]perylene) to 5.0 (phenanthrene) and 7.0 (naphthalene). andSaxena (1978a) reported concentrations of selected PAHs in surface waters used as drinking water sources in four U.S. cities (Huntington, West Virginia; Buffalo, New York; and Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 4.7 ng/L in Buffalo to 600 ng/L in Pittsburgh.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

et al. 1996

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs are found throughout the environment in the air, water, and soil. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals, including PAHs (ATSDR, 1995), found at facilities on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National Priorities List (NPL) and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These profiles include information on health effects of chemicals from different routes and durations of exposure, their potential for exposure, regulations and advisories, and the adequacy of the existing database. Assessing the health effects of PAHs is a major challenge because environmental exposures to these chemicals are usually to complex mixtures of PAHs with other chemicals. The biological consequences of human exposure to mixtures of PAHs depend on the toxicity, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic, of the individual components of the mixture, the types of interactions among them, and confounding factors that are not thoroughly understood. Also identified are components of exposure and health effects research needed on PAHs that will allow estimation of realistic human health risks posed by exposures to PAHs. The exposure assessment component of research should focus on (1) development of reliable analytical methods for the determination of bioavailable PAHs following ingestion, (2) estimation of bioavailable PAHs from environmental media, particularly the determination of particle-bound PAHs, (3) data on ambient levels of PAHs metabolites in tissues/fluids of control populations, and (4) the need for a critical evaluation of current levels of PAHs found in environmental media including data from hazardous waste sites. The health effects component should focus on obtaining information on (1) the health effects of mixtures of PAHs particularly their noncarcinogenic effects in humans, and (2) their toxicokinetics. This report provides excerpts from the toxicological profile of PAHs (ATSDR, 1995) that contains more detailed information.

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confidence: 99%

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

et al. 1996

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“…Various solvents have been proposed for desorption of compounds from PUF: acetone, 11,107,110,117,152 hexane, 107,133,134,153 methanol, 117 an acetone ± hexane mixture, 133 diethyl ether and petroleum ether. 121 Solvent desorption is carried out in the Sohxlet apparatus for 18 ± 24 h. 107, 113, 115, 116, 118, 130, 132 ± 134, 149 In some cases, samples are treated with ultrasound to intensify the process.…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traces of PAH are collected from water samples having large volumes (4 ± 60 litres) using columns filled with one or several cylindrical inserts of PUF (45645 mm). 109,110 A water sample heated to 62 AE 2 8C is passed through a column at a flow rate of 250 AE 10 ml min 71 . It was noted that pre-heating decreases the loss of PAH caused by co-precipitation on the suspended particles present in water samples.…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molybdenum is recovered from sea water using sorption of its thiocyanate complexes on PUF with subsequent desorption with acetone. 77 A number of studies have been devoted to the use of PUF for the preconcentration of PCB, 107, 126 ± 128, 153 PAH, 109,110,125 phenols, 139,140,165 organophosphorus and chlorinated acaricides 158,159 and organophosphorus insecticides from water. It was noted that PUF offer a number of advantages over other polymeric sorbents and carbons for preconcentration of PAH, PCB, and chlorine-and phosphorus-containing insecticides present in water.…”

Section: Separation and Preconcentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyurethane foams in chemical analysis: sorption of various substances and its analytical applications

Дмитриенко¹,

Zolotov²

2002

Russ. Chem. Rev.

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“…Os processos mais comumente empregados para esta finalidade são a extração líquido-líquido 41,42 e a troca iônica, em geral envolvendo sorventes sólidos/resinas de troca iônica [43][44][45][46][47] . Contudo, são conhecidas as vantagens e as limitações que tais procedimentos possuem quanto ao seu emprego 42,47 .…”

Section: Pré-concentração Em Ambiente Micelar Empregando a Metodologiunclassified

Ambientes micelares em química analítica

Maniasso¹

2001

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 20/12/99; aceito em 18/4/00 MICELLAR MEDIA IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. This review deals with the general use of the surfactants in Analytical Chemistry. Principal characteristic of the micelle is the improvement in selectivity and/or sensitivity of the analytical determination with emphasis on the catalytic reaction and "cloud point" extraction.Keywords: micellar media; cloud point extraction; catalytic reactions. Revisão Quim. Nova, Vol. 24, No. 1, 87-93, 2001. INTRODUÇÃOTensoativos (surfactantes * ) são importantes em Química Analítica devido, principalmente, à sua capacidade em modificar algumas propriedades reacionais com consequente melhoria em sensibilidade e/ou seletividade analítica. As principais características do uso de tensoativos estão relacionadas à formação de ambientes organizados, também conhecidos como ambientes micelares 1 . Nas últimas décadas, o uso de tensoativos teve um aumento significativo em praticamente todos os campos da Química Analítica, devido a suas características em modificar diferentes propriedades reacionais associadas aos crescente emprego destes compostos nos mais variados produtos de forma natural ou sintética [1][2][3][4] . Os tensoativos são frequentemente empregados para modificar o meio reacional permitindo solubilizar espécies de baixa solubilidade ou promover um novo meio que pode modificar a velocidade reacional, a posição de equilíbrio das reações quími-cas e em alguns casos a estereoquímica destas dependendo da natureza da reação, do tipo de reativo (eletrofílico, nucleofílico, etc) e do tipo e forma (catiônica, aniônica, etc) da micela [1][2][3][4] . Pode-se destacar o emprego de ambientes micelares principalmente sob dois aspectos. O primeiro se refere à exploração das características do ambiente micelar, formado no meio reacional para a melhoria da sensibilidade e/ou seletividade, com ênfase a reações catalíticas, e o segundo, se relaciona a etapas de concentração e/ou separação, empregando tensoativos em substituição às metodologias tradicionais (extração líqui-do-líquido, troca iônica) pela separação em duas fases isotrópicas, fenômeno este denominado "cloud point". A aplicabilidade do meio micelar pode ser observada nos trabalhos de Pelizzetti e Pramauro 4 e Quina e Hinze 5 , para compostos inorgânicos e orgânicos.A ampla utilização dos tensoativos em óleos para automóveis, na prospecção de petróleo, em fármacos, em produtos domésticos tais como xampus, suavizantes, condicionadores, detergentes, cosméticos, etc 1,2 são indicativos de sua versatilidade. Os problemas iniciais relacionados ao uso de tensoativos nos mais diferentes produtos eram relativos ao emprego de compostos não biodegradáveis, os quais proporcionavam séri-os problemas de contaminação ao meio ambiente. Para solucionar estes inconvenientes, novos tensoativos biodegradáveis denominados "produtos verdes", foram desenvolvidos. O desenvolvimento destes novos produtos associados aos já existentes propiciaram um incremento do uso dos mesmos em Química Analítica.Um tensoativo típico possui ...

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Monitoring of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. II. Extraction and recovery of six representative compounds with polyurethane foams

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

Atsdr Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemicals. Iv. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a Complex Problem

Polyurethane foams in chemical analysis: sorption of various substances and its analytical applications

Ambientes micelares em química analítica

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