Monitoring of Indoor Radon Levels Around an Oil Refinery Using CR-39-Based Radon Detectors

Tufail

Indoor and Built Environment

et al. 2015

The areas pertaining the hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon in the Attock district of Pakistan were selected for the measurement of indoor radon concentration. This area was not previously surveyed for such kind of study. CR-39-based NRPB radon dosimeters were utilized for this study. Attock city, Hassan Abdal and Jand belong to the non-hydrocarbon areas, where radon concentration was measured to be 57 AE 11, 58 AE 11 and 56 AE 11 Bq m À3 , respectively. The hydrocarbon pertaining areas consist of Toot and Meyal villages, the concentration of radon was found to be 48 AE 10 and 37 AE 8 Bq m À3 , respectively. The cap rock in the geological structures of the hydrocarbon areas may have restricted the migration of underneath radon. The annual effective dose in the studied locations was estimated to be 1.28 AE 0.25 mSv y À1 , which is less than the action level recommended by the ICRP. Estimated excess lung cancer risks per million persons per year in the surveyed area show higher values 96, 69, 32-110 and 41-124 as compared to the world average reported by the BEIR-IV (1988), ICRP (1987), US-EPA (1986) and UNSCEAR (1993) models, respectively. Present results could be used as a reference for any future studies in Pakistan for the problems of radon emissions with respect to the types of rocks.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Indoor radon concentration in hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon pertaining areas across the Main Boundary Thrust in Attock district of Pakistan

Tufail

Indoor and Built Environment

et al. 2015

American Journal of Applied Sciences

“…Numerous studies in Pakistan have been conducted to measure radon concentration in air, soil and building materials (Faheem et al, 2010;Nasir and Ahmad, 2012;Nasir and Shah, 2012;Rafique et al, 2011a;2011b;Rahman et al, 2012). Therefore, the study of radon exhalation from building materials commonly used in Dera Ismail Khan Dwellings is an important step in diminishing indoor radon levels into significantly below the action level.…”

Section: Ajasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Radon Exhalation Rate, Radium Activity and Annual Effective Dose From Bricks and Cement Samples Collected From Dera Ismail Khan

Ahmad

Jaafar

Khan

et al. 2014

Radon concentration, exhalation rate, radium activity and annual effective dose have been measured from baked and unbaked bricks and cement samples commonly used as construction material in the dwellings of Dera Ismail Khan City, Pakistan. CR-39 based NRPB radon dosimeters and RAD7 have been used as passive and active devises. The values of radon concentration for baked, unbaked bricks and cements obtained from passive and active techniques were found in good agreement. Average values of radon exhalation rates in baked, unbaked bricks and cement were found (1.202±0.212) Bq m −2 h −1 , (1.419±0.230) Bq m −2 h −1 and (0.386±0.117) Bq m −2 h −1 and their corresponding average radium activity and annual effective dose were found (0.956±0.169) Bq/kg, (1.13±0.184) Bq/kg, (0.323±0.098) Bq/kg and (33.96±5.99) µSv y −1 , (40.3±6.51) µSv y −1 and (10.94±3.28) µSv y −1 , respectively. Radon concentration, exhalation rate and their corresponding radium activity and annual effective dose were found higher in unbaked bricks as compared to baked bricks and cement but overall values of radon exhalation rate, annual effective dose and radium activity were found well below the world average values of 57.600 Bq m −2 h −1 , 1100 µSv y −1 and 370 Bq/kg, respectively.

“…This is due to the low ventilation rate of ground floor, and its close proximity to the soil. Thus, emanation rate of radon gas from the soil (ground) also contributes to increased rate of indoor radon gas [16]. Average annual dose equivalent to the bronchial epithelium varies from 0.98 to 1.86 mSv.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor radon levels in apartments of Erbil city by using long and short term techniques

Hussein¹,

Ismail²,

Battawy³

et al. 2023

Tikrit J. Pure Sci.

Inhalation of radon (222Rn) and daughter products are a major source of natural radiation exposure. Measurement of indoor radon concentrations were performed in the two hundred rooms for the 25 apartments in Erbil city by using long term technique (CR-39 SSNTDs) for 90 days exposure time and short term technique (radon monitor) for 2 hours exposure time. The higher value of average indoor radon concentration for long and short term techniques was found in Office rooms 56.72±14.72 Bq/m3 and 48.64±12.52 Bq/m3, respectively and lower value was found in Drawing rooms 42.11±10.82 Bq/m3 and 34.45±8.66 Bq/m3, respectively. The mean annual estimated effective dose was received by the residents of the studied area was 1.14 mSv. The highest indoor radon concentrations was found in ground floor for all apartment comport with the first, second and third floors. The rate indoor radon concentration in different type rooms depended of the ventilation rate and the age of the building.