depositional trend of the platform, controlled by the continuing thermal subsidence associated with the cooling of volcanic margin lithosphere, was the major contributor of the accommodation space which supported the vertical accumulation of shallow water carbonate succession. Other factors such as eustatic changes and changes in the carbonate producers as a response to the Paleogene climatic perturbations played secondary roles in the development and drowning of these buildups.
Groundwater samples collected from Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, in 15 different stations were analyzed to determine the status of concentration of different physicochemical parameters. The samples were collected around a sugar mill in the study area. Sample location was selected on the basis of the flow of sugar mill effluents and groundwater. The samples were collected at random intervals in different villages. The physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), TH, HCO3, NO3, SO4, PO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, F, and Pb have been analyzed. The results showed that values of the tested parameters for EC, TDS, TH, HCO3, SO4, and Na near the sugar mill were very high, which indicate the descent of standard norms of quality and protection procedures for the groundwater around this area.
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