Monitoring of Carbon Dioxide Using Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Ahmed, Farid; Ahsani, Vahid; Nazeri, Kaveh; Marzband, Ehsan; Bradley, Colin; Toyserkani, Ehsan; Jun, Martin B. G.

doi:10.3390/s19153357

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…With remarkably quick reaction and recovery times, the sensor demonstrated consistent and accurate detection of CO2 concentrations. The schematic presented in Figure 3 (b) is used to characterize CO2 gas concentration in near atmospheric pressure [58]. The fiber-optic technology has promise for monitoring CO2 content and leakage in the environment, according to the experimental research of this work [58].…”

Section: Toxic Gas Monitoring Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For environmental monitoring applications, a hollow core Photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF)-based MZI is presented that can detect ambient CO2 levels as shown in Figure 3 (a) [58]. A stub of HC-PCF was sandwiched between a lead-in and lead-out SMF to create the device.…”

Section: Toxic Gas Monitoring Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The schematic presented in Figure 3 (b) is used to characterize CO2 gas concentration in near atmospheric pressure [58]. The fiber-optic technology has promise for monitoring CO2 content and leakage in the environment, according to the experimental research of this work [58]. A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was also inserted in the chamber to track any temperature changes that occurred throughout the tests.…”

Section: Toxic Gas Monitoring Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental Monitoring: Emphasis on Optical Waveguide and Fiber-Based Sensors: A Review

Butt¹,

Voronkov²,

Grakhova³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Environmental monitoring is an important topic and serves a vibrant scientific role by revealing long-term trends that can lead to new knowledge and understanding. Globally, there is active development of photonic sensors incorporating multidisciplinary research. The ultimate objective is to develop small, low-cost, sensitive, selective, quick, durable, remote-controllable sensors that are resistant to electromagnetic interference. Different photonic sensor designs and advances in photonic frameworks have shown the possibility to realize these capabilities. In this review paper, the latest developments in the field of optical waveguide and fiber-based sensors which can serve for environmental monitoring are discussed. Several important topics such as toxic gas, water quality, indoor environment, and natural disaster monitoring are reviewed.

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Section: Toxic Gas Monitoring Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxic Gas Monitoring Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxic Gas Monitoring Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Monitoring: Emphasis on Optical Waveguide and Fiber-Based Sensors: A Review

Butt¹,

Voronkov²,

Grakhova³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Many of the sensors proposed to date either have complex configurations or poor sensitivity and response time for high-resolution measurement of gases. Ahmed et al [39] reported a highly sensitive MZI structure that uses a small stub of HC-PCF for monitoring of CO 2 ; however, a detailed study on such a configuration is necessary to better understand its performances and to explore other potential applications. Recently, we studied length-dependent performance of these devices to understand their sensing properties [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Gas Sensing

Nazeri

Ahmed

Ahsani

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A novel and compact interferometric refractive index (RI) point sensor is developed using hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) and experimentally demonstrated for high sensitivity detection and measurement of pure gases. To construct the device, the sensing element fiber (HC-PCF) was placed between two single-mode fibers with airgaps at each side. Great measurement repeatability was shown in the cyclic test for the detection of various gases. The RI sensitivity of 4629 nm/RIU was demonstrated in the RI range of 1.0000347–1.000436 for the sensor with an HC-PCF length of 3.3 mm. The sensitivity of the proposed Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor increases when the length of the sensing element decreases. It is shown that response and recovery times of the proposed sensor inversely change with the length of HC-PCF. Besides, spatial frequency analysis for a wide range of air-gaps revealed information on the number and power distribution of modes. It is shown that the power is mainly carried by two dominant modes in the proposed structure. The proposed sensors have the potential to improve current technology’s ability to detect and quantify pure gases.

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“…Since precious metals such as gold and platinum are often used as sensitive materials in Plasmonic sensors, the cost of manufacturing these types of sensors is high. Recently, the Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer MZI method has been investigated for the detection and measurement of CO2 [17]. There are three types of piezoelectric gas sensors: surface sound wave (SAW), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) [18], and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [19,20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro Ring Resonator based CO2 Gas Sensor using PbSe Quantum Dots

Hajikhanloo¹,

Sarraf²,

Rostami³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this paper, we introduce a micro-ring resonator-based highly sensitive carbon dioxide sensor. For this purpose, a valley is created in the core of the ring and PbSe quantum dots (QDs) are deposited in the valley and the sensor is exposed to CO2 gas. In this way, the refractive index of the PbSe QDs increases with an increase in the concentration of gas flow, and then the resonance frequency of the ring resonator shifts. The designed sensor operates almost linearly over a wide range of concentrations for CO2 gas and shows a high resonance shift at different concentrations of CO2 gas. The detection limit for the designed sensor is 0.001% of CO2 gas which is more sensitive than previously reported sensors based on microring resonators. The frequency shifts are investigated by changing the width of the valley. The minimum width of the valley was determined for the evanescent field in which only the outer core of the ring affects the resonant frequency. Also, the modal analysis of the designed ring resonator waveguide is investigated to determine the minimum core width.

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Monitoring of Carbon Dioxide Using Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Environmental Monitoring: Emphasis on Optical Waveguide and Fiber-Based Sensors: A Review

Environmental Monitoring: Emphasis on Optical Waveguide and Fiber-Based Sensors: A Review

Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Gas Sensing

Micro Ring Resonator based CO2 Gas Sensor using PbSe Quantum Dots

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