Monitoring of Biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila on Different Substrata in Model Cooling Tower System

Türetgen, Irfan; Çotuk, Ayşın

doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9519-8

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It can be because of ubiquity of this micro-organism, particularly in humid climate such as BA [17,18]. The result of this study is near to those of the last studies on this topic [19,20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of condensate water of home air-conditioning system in Iran

Alipour

Mahvi

Rezaei

2013

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TThe global atmosphere is a huge and renewable water resource which contains about 14,000 km 3 of water vapor. The aim of this study was to investigate the water produced by the air conditioners installed in Bandar-e-Abbas (BA) and its chemical and microbiological quality of this water. Moreover, it was also important to specify the best use of the water. In a nine-month period, 66 samples were taken in four clusters of BA, based on distance to shore and population and vehicle traffic. Quantity was measured by volumetric method; turbidity, alkalinity (ALK), total hardness, dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) were tested in laboratory; and counting of bacteria and fungi was done. SPSS 19.0 for Windows was used for data analysis. Mean of produced water was 21.3-47.6 L/d;, and mean for pH, turbidity, EC, TDS, ALK, and total hardness was 6.75-6.89, 2.33-2.55 NTU, 37.8-45.6 μS/cm, 28.8-33.3 mg/L, 34.3-38.2 mg/L as CaCO 3 , and 18.2-21.6 mg/L as CaCO 3, respectively. Legionella pneumophila is present in 22% of samples and Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp., Corynebacterium diphtheria, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas were 21, 13, 18, 13, and 13%, respectively. Observed fungi in the tested samples were 23, 18, 16, 15, 14, and 14% for Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Mucor, and Trichoderma, respectively. The water quality is suitable to many municipal uses and due to the significant volume, the planning of utilizing this significant amount of free water would be economically justified.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of condensate water of home air-conditioning system in Iran

Alipour

Mahvi

Rezaei

2013

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…Erdem et al (2008) found that the HPC population associated with stainless steel coupons was higher than that associated with glass slides, but a higher density was associated with galvanised stainless steel and smaller plastic polymers to polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and polypropylene. Turetgen and Cotuk (2007) investigated biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila and heterotrophic bacteria in terms of material dependence and found that HPC values were in the following order: stainless steel>glass> polyvinyl chloride. A higher density of HPC associated with galvanised steel coupons when compared to copper coupons was described by Doğruöz et al (2009a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…types of surface materials, water temperature, pH, microbial quality of intake water, concentration and quality of nutrients, as well as the presence of residual biocide (Zacheus et al 2000;Markku et al 2006;Turetgen and Cotuk 2007;Doğruöz et al 2009b). Due to economical, operational and public health reasons, both bulk water and the biofilm layer of cooling towers should be monitored and controlled in view of microbial burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few studies have been conducted to characterise the bacterial colonisation of cooling tower surfaces (Turetgen 2004;Turetgen and Cotuk 2007). This information is necessary to support the choice of indicator microorganisms of makeup water quality, as well as those to be used in assays for the evaluation of biological activity of new biocides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reuse of refinery’s tertiary-treated wastewater in cooling towers: microbiological monitoring

Santos

Veiga

Mendonça

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The study was planned to quantify the distribution of bacteria between bulk water and biofilm formed on different materials in an industrial scale cooling tower system of an oil refinery operating with clarified and chlorinated freshwater (CCW) or chlorinated tertiary effluent (TRW) as makeup water. The sessile and planktonic heterotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa densities were significantly higher in the cooling tower supplied with clarified and chlorinated freshwater (CTCW) (p < 0.05). In the two towers, the biofilm density was higher on the surface of glass slides and stainless steel coupons than on the surface of carbon steel coupons. The average corrosion rates of carbon steel coupons (0.4-0.8 millimeters per year (mpy)) and densities of sessile (12-1.47 × 10(3) colony-forming unit (CFU) cm(-1)) and planktonic (0-2.36 × 10(3) CFU mL(-1)) microbiota remained below of the maximum values of reference used by water treatment companies as indicative of efficient microbial control. These data indicate that the strategies of the water treatment station (WTS) (free chlorine) and industrial wastewater treatment station (IWTS) followed by reverse electrodialysis system (RES) (free chlorine plus chloramine) were effective for the microbiological control of the two makeup water sources.

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“…Występowaniu zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologicznego wody, w tym pałeczkami Legionella, sprzyja m.in. obecność biofilmu, osadów, korozja, niskie stężenia środków dezynfekcyjnych, zastój oraz temperatura wody w zakresie 25,4-42,5°C (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Badania Poziomu Zanieczyszczeń Mikrobiologicznych Powietrzaunclassified

Occurrence of Legionella in Technological Water and Studies of the Total Number of Bacteria and Fungi in Indoor Air at Workplaces Where Water Aerosol Is Generated

Krogulska¹,

Matuszewska²,

Krogulski³

et al. 2014

Med Pr

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StreszczenieWstęp: Celem badań była ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologicznego wody i powietrza oraz ocena warunków sprzyjających rozwojowi mikroorganizmów, w tym pałeczek Legionella, w urządzeniach technologicznych. Materiał i metody: Badania mikrobiologiczne wody i powietrza przeprowadzono w 8 zakładach mechanicznej obróbki szkła. Łącznie pobrano 81 próbek wody z urządzeń wytwarzających aerozol wodny na stanowiskach pracy. W próbkach wody oznaczano pałeczki Legionella według PN-EN ISO 11731-2:2008E oraz ogólną liczbę mikroorganizmów według PN-EN ISO 6222:2004P. W próbkach powietrza, pobieranych metodą zderzeniową, oznaczano ogólną liczbę bakterii i grzybów. Wyniki: Badania wody technologicznej wykazały obecność pałeczek Legionella w 27,2% pobranych próbek wody. Bakterie te były obecne w próbkach wody pobranych zarówno z otwartych, jak i zamkniętych zbiorników wody technologicznej, a ich liczba wynosiła od 10 jtk/100 ml do 2,9×10 4 jtk/100 ml. Liczba towarzyszących im innych bakterii przekraczała 10 3 jtk/ml. We wszystkich próbkach Legionella-pozytywnych wyizolowane szczepy bakterii oznaczono, jako L. pneumophila sg 2-14. W 5 z 8 zakładów zaobserwowano wzrost ogólnej liczby bakterii i grzybów w powietrzu badanym w bezpośredniej bliskości źródła aerozolu. Wnioski: Zanieczyszczona mikrobiologicznie woda technologiczna, szczególnie bakteriami z rodzaju Legionella, stanowi realne zagrożenie dla zdrowia pracowników obsługujących urządzenia wytwarzające aerozol wodny. W celu obniżenia ryzyka infekcji wśród narażonych pracowników należy wprowadzić monitoring jakości wody technologicznej oraz procedury czyszczenia i dezynfekcji urządzeń generujących aerozol. Med. Pr. 2014;65(3):325-334 Słowa kluczowe: stanowiska pracy, zagrożenia biologiczne, woda technologiczna, aerozol wodny, powietrze, Legionella Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to confirm the fact that technological water is a significant carrier of Legionella, a potential serious threat to the health of operators of mechanical devices generating contaminated water aerosol. Material and Methods: Microbiological analyses of water and indoor air were conducted in 8 different production facilities involved in mechanical processing of glass. The study covered 81 samples of water collected from technical water systems. Isolation of Legionella and the determination of total number of microorganisms were processed according to PN-EN ISO 11731-2:2008E and PN-EN ISO 6222:2004P, respectively. Air samples were collected using air samplers and total numbers of bacteria and fungi were determined. Results: The studies of process water, indicated the presence of Legionella in 27.2% of collected samples. These bacteria were present in both closed and open process water reservoirs at 10 cfu/100 ml to 2.9×10 4 cfu/100 ml. The count of other associated bacteria exceeded 10 3 cfu/ml. All strains isolated from Legionella-positive samples were identified as L. pneumophila SG 2-14. In 5 of 8 studied production facilities an increased total number of aerial bacteria an...

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Monitoring of Biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila on Different Substrata in Model Cooling Tower System

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of condensate water of home air-conditioning system in Iran

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of condensate water of home air-conditioning system in Iran

Reuse of refinery’s tertiary-treated wastewater in cooling towers: microbiological monitoring

Occurrence of Legionella in Technological Water and Studies of the Total Number of Bacteria and Fungi in Indoor Air at Workplaces Where Water Aerosol Is Generated

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