Monitoring of anaerobic microbially influenced corrosion via electrochemical frequency modulation

Beese, Pascal; Venzlaff, H.; Srinivasan, Jayendran; Garrelfs, Julia; Stratmann, M.; Mayrhofer, Karl Johann Jakob

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.144

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3, highlighted in orange). Two of the isolates, Desulfovibrio ferrophilus and Desulfopila corrodens, have been key in the recent investigations of this new type of microbe-metal interaction (12,39,60,86). Such strains have probably evaded earlier discovery as they are rapidly outcompeted by "conventional" organotrophic SRB in the commonly used media that employ high concentrations of organic substrates such as lactate (91,92).…”

Section: Who's Who In Srb-induced Corrosion? Phylogenetic Distributiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EMIC, which is fundamentally different from the corrosive effects of biogenic H 2 S, can destroy metallic structures at rates of high technological relevance ( Fig. 2) (12,60).…”

Section: Srb: Long-known Key Players In Anaerobic Iron Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, SRB, or their characteristic corrosion product FeS, are ubiquitously found on anaerobically corroded iron (54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59). Third, with corrosion rates of up to 0.9 mm Fe 0 year Ϫ1 (35 mils per year [mpy]), pure laboratory-grown SRB cultures corrode iron to an extent (12,60,61) that matches even severe cases of corrosion in the field. Hence, field data strongly suggest a prominent role of SRB in anaerobic iron corrosion whereas laboratory investigations provide the plausible mechanistic explanations (5,12,51).…”

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Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Enning

Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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637

414

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About a century ago, researchers first recognized a connection between the activity of environmental microorganisms and cases of anaerobic iron corrosion. Since then, such microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) has gained prominence and its technical and economic implications are now widely recognized. Under anoxic conditions (e.g., in oil and gas pipelines), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are commonly considered the main culprits of MIC. This perception largely stems from three recurrent observations. First, anoxic sulfate-rich environments (e.g., anoxic seawater) are particularly corrosive. Second, SRB and their characteristic corrosion product iron sulfide are ubiquitously associated with anaerobic corrosion damage, and third, no other physiological group produces comparably severe corrosion damage in laboratory-grown pure cultures. However, there remain many open questions as to the underlying mechanisms and their relative contributions to corrosion. On the one hand, SRB damage iron constructions indirectly through a corrosive chemical agent, hydrogen sulfide, formed by the organisms as a dissimilatory product from sulfate reduction with organic compounds or hydrogen ("chemical microbially influenced corrosion"; CMIC). On the other hand, certain SRB can also attack iron via withdrawal of electrons ("electrical microbially influenced corrosion"; EMIC), viz., directly by metabolic coupling. Corrosion of iron by SRB is typically associated with the formation of iron sulfides (FeS) which, paradoxically, may reduce corrosion in some cases while they increase it in others. This brief review traces the historical twists in the perception of SRB-induced corrosion, considering the presently most plausible explanations as well as possible early misconceptions in the understanding of severe corrosion in anoxic, sulfate-rich environments. E ver since its first production roughly 4,000 years ago, iron has played a central role in human society due to its excellent mechanical properties and the abundance of its ores. Today, iron is used in much larger quantities than any other metallic material (1) and is indispensable in infrastructure, transportation, and manufacturing. A major drawback is the susceptibility of iron to corrosion. Corrosion of iron and other metals causes enormous economic damage. Across all industrial sectors, the inferred costs of metal corrosion have been estimated to range between 2% and 3% of gross domestic product (GDP) in developed countries (2, 3). These costs are to a large extent caused by corrosion of iron, due to its abundant use and particular susceptibility to oxidative damage. Estimates of the costs attributable to biocorrosion of iron lack a computed basis so that they vary widely, and definite numbers cannot be given with certainty. Still, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) probably accounts for a significant fraction of the total costs (4-7), and, due to its effects on important infrastructure in the energy industry (such as oil and gas pipelines), costs in the range of billions of...

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Section: Who's Who In Srb-induced Corrosion? Phylogenetic Distributiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EMIC, which is fundamentally different from the corrosive effects of biogenic H 2 S, can destroy metallic structures at rates of high technological relevance ( Fig. 2) (12,60).…”

Section: Srb: Long-known Key Players In Anaerobic Iron Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

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Garrelfs

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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637

414

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“…mackinawite. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool for identification of corrosion products. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Some major problems may still occur due to laser heating, fluorescence, or low sensitivity as a consequence of the small cross-sections of Raman scattering.…”

Section: 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Mackinawite FeS in Anodic Iron Sulfide Corrosion Products

Genchev

Erbe

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

108

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Raman spectroscopy in a confocal microscope was used to study electrochemically synthesized corrosion products from sour gas experiments. When exposed to oxygen-containing atmosphere, the initial mackinawite FeS corrosion product transformed under laser irradiation to hematite, Fe 2 O 3 . Measurements with a thin water layer on top of the corrosion products prevented the transformation, as drying was prevented. In situ Raman measurements of mackinawite formation avoided the problem of transformation completely. In situ and operando, the initially formed mackinawite showed two Raman peaks in the wavenumber range >180 cm −1 centered around 200-215 cm −1 and 285-300 cm −1 . On an empirical basis, these modes were assigned to a B 1g mode of the iron sublattice and an A 1g mode of the sulfur sublattice, respectively. A comparison with a literature assignment for aged mackinawite suggests that the aging observed involves significant changes in the sulfur sublattice. Corrosion of iron in H 2 S containing solutions is a general problem in crude oil and natural gas production, and is generally referred to as sour corrosion. Aqueous H 2 S solutions promote corrosion of steels, [1][2][3] but the exact nature and mechanisms of corrosion strongly depend on the reaction conditions. 4-7 While the process has been widely investigated for pure iron, [8][9][10][11][12] and carbon steels, [13][14][15][16][17] there is still a lack of understanding of the reaction path and electronic properties of the corrosion products. 18,19The chemistry of the corrosion products formed during H 2 Striggered corrosion is rather complex, as there are many different solids consisting only of iron and sulfur. 20 However, mackinawite has been found to be the initial, 8,21 and probably most important corrosion product, of iron in aqueous sulfide solutions as it was observed in reactions carried out over a wide range of pH and temperature. 11,19,[22][23][24] It possesses a tetragonal, layered crystal structure, [25][26][27] and can be synthesized by precipitation from solutions containing Fe 2+ and S 2− solutions, 28,29 or by reaction of sulfide solution with metallic iron. 19,21,26,30 In the field of microbially induced corrosion, sulfatereducing bacteria are known to transform sulfate compounds into iron sulfides, e.g. mackinawite. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool for identification of corrosion products. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] Some major problems may still occur due to laser heating, fluorescence, or low sensitivity as a consequence of the small cross-sections of Raman scattering. However, the fact that glass and water are both very weak Raman scatterers makes this technique suitable for in situ measurements in aqueous environments. 46-48The presence of water has an additional positive effect on the process as it decreases the heating from the laser. The use of (in situ and operando) Raman spectroscopy for study corrosion process studies of iron in sulfide rich environments has been already repor...

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“…Moreover, the ambient temperature in oil-handling facilities (15 to 35°C) is also permissive for microbial growth. However, opportunities to study biofilms covering the inner walls of pipe networks of operational oil facilities are scarce; therefore, MIC has been extensively studied in laboratory experiments with metallic coupons or cultures of specific organisms that are potentially involved in MIC (5)(6)(7)(8). Sulfidogenic bacteria (reducing sulfate, thiosulfate, and/or sulfur to sulfide) such as some members of the phylum Deltaproteobacteria (5, 6, 9-11), Firmicutes, or Archaeoglobales (12); specific iron-oxidizing microorganisms (5,6,(13)(14)(15); metalreducing bacteria such as members of the genera Shewanella (16) and Geobacter (17,18); and acid-producing fermentative organisms have been incriminated as major actors in MIC, and different processes have been described (18,19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Complementary Microorganisms in Highly Corrosive Biofilms from an Offshore Oil Production Facility

Vigneron

Alsop

Chambers

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

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e Offshore oil production facilities are frequently victims of internal piping corrosion, potentially leading to human and environmental risks and significant economic losses. Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is believed to be an important factor in this major problem for the petroleum industry. However, knowledge of the microbial communities and metabolic processes leading to corrosion is still limited. Therefore, the microbial communities from three anaerobic biofilms recovered from the inside of a steel pipe exhibiting high corrosion rates, iron oxide deposits, and substantial amounts of sulfur, which are characteristic of MIC, were analyzed in detail. Bacterial and archaeal community structures were investigated by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, multigenic (16S rRNA and functional genes) high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and quantitative PCR analysis. The microbial community analysis indicated that bacteria, particularly Desulfovibrio species, dominated the biofilm microbial communities. However, other bacteria, such as Pelobacter, Pseudomonas, and Geotoga, as well as various methanogenic archaea, previously detected in oil facilities were also detected. The microbial taxa and functional genes identified suggested that the biofilm communities harbored the potential for a number of different but complementary metabolic processes and that MIC in oil facilities likely involves a range of microbial metabolisms such as sulfate, iron, and elemental sulfur reduction. Furthermore, extreme corrosion leading to leakage and exposure of the biofilms to the external environment modify the microbial community structure by promoting the growth of aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading organisms.

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Monitoring of anaerobic microbially influenced corrosion via electrochemical frequency modulation

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Corrosion of Iron by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria: New Views of an Old Problem

Raman Spectroscopy of Mackinawite FeS in Anodic Iron Sulfide Corrosion Products

Complementary Microorganisms in Highly Corrosive Biofilms from an Offshore Oil Production Facility

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