Monitoring Nonrevenue Water Performance in Intermittent Supply

AL-Washali, Taha Mohammed; Sharma, Saroj; Al-Nozaily, Fadhl; Haidera, Mansour; Kennedy, Maria D.

doi:10.3390/w11061220

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(26 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The greater is the volume of the water supplied into the network, the more will be the volume of water losses and the higher will be the PIs of NRW, indicating worse performance while it is not necessarily the case. To tackle this issue, the volume of water loss and its PIs have to be normalized and adjusted as if the supply is continuous (AL‐Washali, Sharma, AL‐Nozaily, et al, ). This normalization process enables monitoring and benchmarking the performance of water loss management in intermittent supply, which is an issue of increasing interest.…”

Section: Tools For Water Balance Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of nonrevenue water assessment software tools

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several software tools are available that can assess the performance of nonrevenue water (NRW) in water distribution networks and plan for reduction measures. Of the 21 tools that have been reported in the literature, 12 are freely available. The creation of these many tools and different versions of each individual tool indicates the promising future of NRW software development. This review comprises 12 freely available tools for water balance establishment, NRW performance assessment, and NRW reduction planning. Most of the tools have been developed to establish standard annual water balances and recommended performance indicators (PIs) for the entire network. Some tools have been developed to intervene and reduce the leakage in a district metered area. Key features increasingly being included in NRW software include uncertainty analysis, recognition of supply intermittency, and accommodation of a guidance matrix and benchmarks. Leakage assessment is fully recognized, and leakage reduction analyses are increasingly growing in the software tools. However, much less attention has been paid to assessing and options for reducing apparent losses. Although a comprehensive NRW management tool for monitoring, planning, and intervention is not currently available, developing a comprehensive tool is worthwhile, in the form of one package or a kit of smaller tools. Toward this goal, the article provides insights and recommendations addressing topics of intermittency, normalization, multi‐method assessment, planning for the reduction of apparent and real losses, and estimation of the economic level of water loss. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Engineering Water > Methods

show abstract

Section: Tools For Water Balance Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of nonrevenue water assessment software tools

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The water supply in Zarqa is intermittent with an average of 36 h per week, usually during two days in the week. The volume of non-revenue water (NRW) in Zarqa changes every year following the fluctuations of the production level of Zarqa water utility [33], but the unnormalized average NRW volume (of the last 10 years) is 29 million m 3 per year (57% of supplied water).…”

Section: Description Of the Case Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Leakage Rate and Reduction Using Minimum Night Flow Analysis in an Intermittent Supply System

AL-Washali

Sharma

Al-Nozaily

et al. 2018

Water

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A significant portion of the water supplied to people doesn’t reach its valid users but instead leaks out of the distribution network, causing water wastage, revenue loss and contamination risks. This paper analyses the leakage rate, leakage components and leakage reduction potential. A minimum night flow (MNF) analysis was carried out on a district metered area (DMA) in an intermittent supply system in Zarqa, Jordan. Leakage was modelled and leakage reduction policies were analysed. Results show that MNF occurs at night or during day time depending on the water levels in customer tanks, implying that one-day MNF analysis cannot be carried out in intermittent supplies and the estimation of the legitimate consumption during MNF is more influential. The potential water savings of the different leakage reduction measures (pressure management; leakage detection; response time minimization) are separately analysed in the existing models in the literature, leading to significant overestimation of the total leakage reduction potential, while these measures are influencing each other. Pressure reduction lowers the failure frequencies but limits the potential of leakage detection surveys, as leaks will become harder to hear and detect. Investigating the inter-dependency relations of these measures is therefore essential for reasonable leakage reduction modelling and planning.

show abstract

“…The other two components of NRW-unbilled authorized consumption and apparent losses (theft of water and customer meter under-registration)-represent water which is taken but not directly paid for by customers. As indicated by other researchers, volume and PIs of NRW all vary in direct proportion to the system input volume (SIV), and this is critical for monitoring the level and PIs of NRW (Al-Washali et al 2019). However, reducing water losses is not an easy process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of leakage management in small water supplies using performance indicators

Kłosok-Bazan

Boguniewicz-Zabłocka

Suda

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The revision of the Drinking Water Directive (DWD), which the process of consultation by the European Parliament is coming to the end, includes a commitment for all Member States to assess the level of water leakage. The overarching aim of this action is to reduce water loss through leaks. In regard to this, use of performance indicators as suitable to enable assessment of water utility performance with regard to leakage reduction, including impacts on environment and cost-efficiency, is recommended. The paper provides results from water losses evaluation with the set of performance indicators (PI), considering dependence on the availability of resources and specific operating conditions. An analysis of different PI that are necessary to evaluate in most of leakage reduction methods was conducted considering step-by-step approach. Furthermore, the most relevant data for leakage analysis and management on a network level was determined. Presented PI can be used to improve leakage management of small water supply system. Similarly as in the Deming cycle, the described tool provides for planning activities, executing activities in accordance with the plan, checking the degree of execution of objectives included in the plan, and on the basis of conducted analyses and lessons learned, the so-called improvement. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that through a comprehensive, systematically improved strategy, the high effectiveness of the system could be reach. The reliable monitoring does not have to be based on advanced technological methods, which are often unavailable for small water supply system, due to high investment and operating costs. The results indicate that integrated IT systems, as SCADA, might not be directly beneficial to water loss management in small networks with moderate leakage levels.

show abstract

Monitoring Nonrevenue Water Performance in Intermittent Supply

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

A review of nonrevenue water assessment software tools

A review of nonrevenue water assessment software tools

Modelling the Leakage Rate and Reduction Using Minimum Night Flow Analysis in an Intermittent Supply System

Assessment of leakage management in small water supplies using performance indicators

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About