Monitoring insecticide resistance in house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from New York dairies

Abstract

House flies were collected from dairies across New York state and the levels of resistance to seven insecticides were measured using standard laboratory assays with three to five diagnostic concentrations. The highest levels of resistance were found for tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin and cyfluthrin. Although levels of resistance to methomyl were somewhat lower, they were among the highest ever reported for field-collected house flies. Resistance to pyrethrins was limited primarily to the lowest diagnostic concentration. House flies were susceptible to fipronil at all dairies, suggesting that this material would be highly effective for fly control. The levels of resistance were similar at all the dairies, irrespective of their insecticide use, suggesting substantial movement of flies between facilities. Relative to resistance levels found at New York dairies in 1987, resistance levels had increased for permethrin, were unchanged for tetrachlorvinphos and had decreased for dimethoate. To identify a single diagnostic concentration that could be used in the laboratory assays to assess accurately resistance levels in future studies, we carried out a 'simulated' field bioassay using formulated materials. A diagnostic concentration for each insecticide is proposed on the basis of a comparison of our bioassays.

Selection, resistance risk assessment, and reversion toward susceptibility of pyriproxyfen in Musca domestica L.

“…A new chemical introduced for the control of M. domestica may fail due to previous insecticidal exposure inducing cross-resistance. Resistance in M. domestica has been reported repeatedly to different chemicals (Abbas et al , 2014bKaufman et al 2001Kaufman et al , 2010aKaufman et al , 2010bKhan et al 2014b;Scott et al 2000;Shono et al 2004) The juvenile hormone agonists most effective at the onset of metamorphosis cause abnormality in growth and, ultimately, eventual death of the larvae (Wilson 2004). Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone mimic, acts as pupal-adult metamorphosis inhibitor (Seng et al 2008) and is very effective against the large number of public health pests including house flies and mosquitoes (Geden and Devine 2012;Invest and Lucas 2008).…”

Monitoring resistance of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) to new chemical insecticides in Punjab, Pakistan

“…The appropriate use of insecticides may decrease the severity of resistance and control failures of P. solenopsis management on cotton in Punjab, Pakistan. Restricted use of insecticide to which resistance has developed, insecticide mixtures, and rotation of insecticides with unrelated modes of action could be helpful for resistance management in P. solenopsis (Kaufman et al, 2001;Memmi, 2010). In addition, standard resistance monitoring activities should be planned that would help to identify the effectiveness of insecticides for P. solenopsis management.…”

Resistance Status of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from Southeastern Nebraska Beef Cattle Feedlots to Selected Insecticides

“…Also, this technique allows for dishes to be prepared in advance and sent to different locations for testing. Development of a diagnostic bioassay using residues on glass should signiÞcantly improve the efÞciency of this technique in resistance monitoring (Kaufman et al 2001).…”

“…Overall, there was correlation between insecticide use histories and levels of resistance. Kaufman et al (2001), however, found little variation in resistance levels in ßy populations at New York dairy farms. The highest levels of resistance in ßy populations collected from both poultry and dairy units was tetrachlorinThis article reports the results of research only.…”