Monitoring Impacts of Urbanisation and Industrialisation on Air Quality in the Anthropocene Using Urban Pond Sediments

Power, Aidan; Tennant, Richard K.; Jones, Richard T.; Ya, Tang; Du, Jie; Worsley, A. T.; Love, John

doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00131

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…4). Urban regions are the industrial regions (regions with air pollution generating-human activities ( Cohen et al, 2017 )) in most countries ( Liang et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020b ; Krecl et al, 2020 ; Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque et al, 2020 ; Guo et al, 2020 ; Deshmukh et al, 2020 ; Hien et al, 2020 ; Power et al, 2018 ), and they are predominately located in river basins with relatively higher terrestrial water storage ( van den Brandeler et al, 2019 ). Therefore, regional (i.e., county/province) analysis within a country will demonstrate a direct association between the severity of COVID-19 outbreaks and the air pollution during the vernal phase of the pandemic ( Liang et al, 2020 ), albeit, that association does not exist for continental (i.e., tectonic plates) analysis at the global scale (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Can Traditional Chinese Medicine provide insights into controlling the COVID-19 pandemic: Serpentinization-induced lithospheric long-wavelength magnetic anomalies in Proterozoic bedrocks in a weakened geomagnetic field mediate the aberrant transformation of biogenic molecules in COVID-19 via magnetic catalysis

Bility

Agarwal

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Thoracic organs, namely, the lungs and kidneys in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), exhibit silicate/glass-like (hyaline) and iron oxides-like deposits, which are like serpentinization-induced minerals. The discovery of the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect suggests that a resonant external magnetic field could alter the spin state of electrons in biogenic molecules and result in the magnetic catalysis of aberrant molecules and disease. We propose here that carbon dioxide-rich water-peridotite (a ferromagnesian silicate) interactions generate abnormal lithospheric long-wavelength magnetic anomalies (LWMAs) via serpentinization, during conditions with increased terrestrial water storage and atmospheric carbon dioxide, and a weakened geomagnetic field. Furthermore, we provide evidence supporting a hypothesis, which posits, COVID-19 is a pathologic manifestation of resonant LWMAs-induced magnetic catalysis of iron oxides-silicate-like minerals from biogenic molecules and the coronavirus from endogenous viral elements, with the virus particles capable of replication and transmission to other hosts. We propose that those LWMAs are associated with the production of iron oxides-silicate rock minerals in tectonic plates with Proterozoic cratons. Thus, severe COVID-19 outbreaks are/will predominately occur in Eurasia and the Americas and are governed by the spatiotemporal dynamics of terrestrial water storage and the semiannual oscillation of the weakening geomagnetic magnetic field. We propose that the ferromagnetic-like iron stores in humans are the unifying determinant for COVID-19-induced morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, we propose that Nephrite-Jade amulets (a calcium-ferromagnesian silicate) developed by Neolithic Chinese Medicine to prevent thoracic organ disease, may prevent COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Can Traditional Chinese Medicine provide insights into controlling the COVID-19 pandemic: Serpentinization-induced lithospheric long-wavelength magnetic anomalies in Proterozoic bedrocks in a weakened geomagnetic field mediate the aberrant transformation of biogenic molecules in COVID-19 via magnetic catalysis

Bility

Agarwal

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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“…This results in the movement of the polluting sector from industrialized nations to underdeveloped economies [30]. Thus, reaffirming Grossman et al [31], the net composition effect is that environmental improvements are fueled by higher income levels, but this result could be biased due to the comparative size of the environmental regulatory effect and the capital-labor effect in those industrial economies [32]. Finally, the technical effect explains the environmental impacts of transferred knowledge and innovative production methods as income and trade expand.…”

Section: The Pollution Haven Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 89%

Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries

et al. 2019

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The search for a green and low-carbon economy has been a guide to current energy and environmental research. Using current panel cointegration approaches, our study examines the interaction between trade and an environmental pollution proxy of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by integrating economic growth and energy usage as major potential determining factors in this relationship for 49 high-emission countries in Belt and Road regions over the period of 1991–2014. For a robust analysis, we further grouped these countries into income panels (high, middle, low) and various regions (East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East/Africa, and Europe). The results of the panel cointegration tests revealed that the four variables were stationary in the long run. Similarly, our panel results indicated that trade openness had both positive and negative impacts on environmental pollution, but the effect varied in these different groups of nations. The results of the vector error correction model (VECM) causality also showed a long-run causal effect between trade, economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental pollution in the Belt and Road, Europe, high-income, middle-income, and low-income panels. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) results further indicated the existence of an inverted U-form relationship between trade and carbon emissions. Finally, certain policy implications are discussed.

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“…A significant body of research has gone into understanding and controlling the chemical and physical transformations that lead to secondary aerosol formation [16][17][18]. Despite the great success of air quality improvement programs implemented in Western cities over the preceding 50 years, urban environments typically have higher levels of particulate pollution compared to rural locations as cities remain global hubs of fossil fuel combustion and direct emissions [19][20][21][22][23]. An emerging threat is found in some of the world's poorest cities as the World Health Organization (W.H.O.)…”

Section: Summary Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Exposure Estimates via Portable and Wireless Sensing and Reporting of Particulate Pollution

Agrawaal

Jones

Thompson

2020

IJERPH

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Low-cost, portable particle sensors (n = 3) were designed, constructed, and used to monitor human exposure to particle pollution at various locations and times in Lubbock, TX. The air sensors consisted of a Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F dust sensor interfaced to an Arduino Uno R3, and a FONA808 3G communications module. The Arduino Uno was used to receive the signal from calibrated dust sensors to provide a concentration (µg/m3) of suspended particulate matter and coordinate wireless transmission of data via the 3G cellular network. Prior to use for monitoring, dust sensors were calibrated against a reference aerosol monitor (RAM-1) operating independently. Sodium chloride particles were generated inside of a 3.6 m3 mixing chamber while the RAM-1 and each dust sensor recorded signals and calibration was achieved for each dust sensor independently of others by direct comparison with the RAM-1 reading. In an effort to improve the quality of the data stream, the effect of averaging replicate individual pulses of the Sharp sensor when analyzing zero air has been studied. Averaging data points exponentially reduces standard deviation for all sensors with n < 2000 averages but averaging produced diminishing returns after approx. 2000 averages. The sensors exhibited standard deviations for replicate measurements of 3–6 µg/m3 and corresponding 3σ detection limits of 9–18 µg/m3 when 2000 pulses of the dust sensor LED were averaged over an approx. 2 min data collection/transmission cycle. To demonstrate portable monitoring, concentration values from the dust sensors were sent wirelessly in real time to a ThingSpeak channel, while tracking the sensor’s latitude and longitude using an on-board Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor. Outdoor and indoor air quality measurements were made at different places and times while human volunteers carried sensors. The measurements indicated walking by restaurants and cooking at home increased the exposure to particulate matter. The construction of the dust sensors and data collected from this research enhance the current research by describing an open-source concept and providing initial measurements. In principle, sensors can be massively multiplexed and used to generate real-time maps of particulate matter around a given location.

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Monitoring Impacts of Urbanisation and Industrialisation on Air Quality in the Anthropocene Using Urban Pond Sediments

Cited by 63 publications

References 99 publications

Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries

Personal Exposure Estimates via Portable and Wireless Sensing and Reporting of Particulate Pollution

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