Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries

Sun, Huaping; Clottey, Samuel Attuquaye; Geng, Yong; Fang, Kai; Amissah, Joshua Clifford Kofi

doi:10.3390/su11092682

Cited by 133 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Ignoring the controversy may misinform readers [74]. However, for this article, low-carbon development of tourism will also help to reduce environmental pollution caused by the consumption of fossil fuels and will be conducive to the sustainable development of tourism, because fossil fuels currently still account for roughly 85% of China’s energy mix [75]. Therefore, even considering the uncertainty of the relationship between carbon dioxide and climate change, the study on the nexus between carbon dioxide emissions and tourism is still of great significance and has important policy implications.…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Spatial Effects of Tourism on Carbon Emissions in China: A Spatial Econometric Approach

Zeng

2019

IJERPH

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Reducing carbon emissions is crucial to the sustainable development of tourism. However, there are no consistent conclusions about the nexus between tourism and carbon emissions. Considering the possible nonlinear and spatial effects of tourism on carbon emissions, this paper employed spatial econometric models combined with quadratic terms of explanatory variables to explore the nexus between them using Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2016. The main results are as follows: (1) There is a significant inverse U-shaped relationship between tourism development and carbon emissions. In the provinces whose tourism receipts are relatively low, the effects of tourism on carbon emissions are positive but decrease gradually as the tourism receipts increase and then shifts to negative and continues decreasing gradually when the tourism receipts beyond the critical value. (2) For the geographical proximity and industrial relevance, one province’s tourism development not only affects its carbon emissions but also affects its neighbors’ carbon emissions through spatial lag effect (indirect effect) which is also inverse U-shaped. (3) Carbon reduction policies, sustainable education, and transportation infrastructure all have significant moderating effects on the relationship between tourism and carbon emissions, but the moderating effect of the management efficiency of tourism is not statistically significant. Furthermore, improvements to the sustainable education and transportation infrastructure not only strengthen the direct negative effect of tourism on carbon emissions but also strengthen the indirect negative effect of tourism on carbon emissions. This study not only advances the existing literature but is also of considerable interest to policymakers.

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Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear and Spatial Effects of Tourism on Carbon Emissions in China: A Spatial Econometric Approach

Zeng

2019

IJERPH

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“…The “Pollution Halo Hypothesis” holds that green production technology transmitted by foreign-funded enterprises with advanced technologies would effectively reduce carbon emissions. However, the “Pollution Halo Hypothesis” suggests that developed countries transfer carbon-intensive industries to developing countries [52,53]. Studies have confirmed that FDI has introduced greener low-carbon concepts and energy-saving and emission reduction technologies.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on The Driving Factors and Spatial Spillover of Carbon Emission Intensity in The Yangtze River Economic Belt under Double Control Action

Ding

Cai

Xiao

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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It is greatly important to promote low-carbon green transformations in China, for implementing the emission reduction commitments and global climate governance. However, understanding the spatial spillover effects of carbon emissions will help the government achieve this goal. This paper selects the carbon-emission intensity panel data of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2004 to 2016. Then, this paper uses the Global Moran’s I to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial correlation of carbon emission intensity. Furthermore, this paper constructs a spatial econometric model to empirically test the driving path and spillover effects of relevant factors. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation with the provincial carbon intensity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, but this trend is weakening. The provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai are High–High agglomerations, while the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou are Low–Low agglomerations. Economic development, technological innovation, and foreign direct investionFDI) have positive effects on the reduction of carbon emissions, while industrialization has a negative effect on it. There is also a significant positive spatial spillover effect of the industrialization level and technological innovation level. The spatial spillover effects of FDI and economic development on carbon emission intensity fail to pass a significance test. Therefore, it is necessary to promote cross-regional low-carbon development, accelerate the R&D of energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, actively enhance the transformation and upgrade industrial structures, and optimize the opening up of the region and the patterns of industrial transfer.

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“…Jensen et al [22] and Jovanovic' et al [23] focused on GHG emissions in agriculture and analyzed the relationships between agricultural economies and GHG emissions. Sun et al [24] investigated effects of GDP, trade amount, and energy consumption on immediate and long-term CO 2 emissions the trade within Belt and Road regions.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Green Procurement Decisions with Carbon Leakage by Global Suppliers and Order Quantities under Different Carbon Tax

2019

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Manufactures have been pressed to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by environmental regulations and policies. Towards to reduction of GHG emissions, a carbon tax has been already introduced in 40 countries. Owing to different carbon prices among countries, there are potential risks of carbon leakage, where manufacturers transfer production operations to the countries with lower taxes to pursue lower costs. Moreover, procurement costs and GHG emissions vary by country because of economic conditions and electric energy mixes. Therefore, total GHG emissions could be globally reduced if manufactures relocate their production bases or switch suppliers in the country with lower GHG emission levels. This study proposes a green procurement decision for the supplier selection and the order quantity for minimizing GHG emission and costs considering the different carbon taxes in different countries. First, a bill of materials for each part is constructed through the life cycle inventory database with the Asian international input/output tables for a case study. Second, a green procurement decision considering the different carbon prices is formulated using integer programming. Finally, the results, including carbon leakage, are analyzed from the viewpoint of manufacturers, governments, and global perspectives.

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Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries

Cited by 133 publications

References 67 publications

Nonlinear and Spatial Effects of Tourism on Carbon Emissions in China: A Spatial Econometric Approach

Nonlinear and Spatial Effects of Tourism on Carbon Emissions in China: A Spatial Econometric Approach

A Study on The Driving Factors and Spatial Spillover of Carbon Emission Intensity in The Yangtze River Economic Belt under Double Control Action

Green Procurement Decisions with Carbon Leakage by Global Suppliers and Order Quantities under Different Carbon Tax

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