Monitoring fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in two vertical strata in seasonal Atlantic Forest: temporal species turnover is lower in the canopy

Santos, Jessie Pereira dos; Iserhard, Cristiano Agra; Carreira, Junia Yasmin Oliveira; Freitas, André Victor Lucci

doi:10.1017/s0266467417000323

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…However, in the present study, species richness was not different between strata, while in most previous studies the understory was richer than the canopy [16,22,23,32,43,44]. Still, in one study in the Amazonian forest [25] and another in the Atlantic Forest [45], the opposite was recorded, with greater fruit-feeding butterfly species richness in the canopy than in the understory. Given these idiosyncrasies one must be cautious in trying to identify a mechanism behind patterns that appear from a limited number of studies in the Atlantic Forest.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…The present results showed higher abundance in the understory as found in other tropical forests [16,22,23,32,44]. A distinct pattern was found in a study carried out in an area of montane Atlantic Forest where higher abundances of fruit-feeding butterflies were observed in the canopy [45]. In that case, the greater abundance in the canopy was explained by the difference in the temperature between strata (due to a combination of altitude and latitude).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Equal but different: Natural ecotones are dissimilar to anthropic edges

et al. 2019

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Increasing deforestation worldwide has expanded the interfaces between fragmented forests and non-forest habitats. Human-made edges are very different from the original forest cover, with different microclimatic conditions. Conversely, the natural transitions (i.e., ecotones) are distinct from human-made forest edges. The human-made forest edges are usually sharp associated with disturbances, with abrupt changes in temperature, humidity, luminosity and wind incidence towards the forest interior. However, the natural forest-lake ecotones, even when abrupt, are composed of a complex vegetal physiognomy, with canopy structures close to the ground level and a composition of herbaceous and arboreal species well adapted to this transition range. In the present study, fruit-feeding butterflies were used as models to investigate whether faunal assemblages in natural ecotones are more similar to the forest interior than to the anthropic edges. Butterflies were sampled monthly over one year in the Rio Doce State Park, Southeastern Brazil, following a standardized design using a total of 90 bait traps, in three different forest habitats (forest interior, forest ecotone and anthropic edges), in both canopy and understory. A total of 11,594 individuals from 98 butterfly species were collected (3,151 individuals from 79 species in the forest interior, 4,321 individuals from 87 species in the ecotone and 4,122 individuals from 83 species in the edge). The results indicated that the butterfly richness and diversity were higher in transition areas (ecotones and edges). The ecotone included a combination of butterfly species from the forest interior and from anthropic edges. However, species composition and dominance in the ecotone were similar to the forest interior in both vertical strata. These results suggest that human made forest edges are quite distinct from ecotones. Moreover, ecotones represent unique habitats accommodating species adapted to distinct ecological conditions, while anthropic edges accommodate only opportunistic species from open areas or upper canopies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Equal but different: Natural ecotones are dissimilar to anthropic edges

et al. 2019

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“…Forest cover is critical to the maintenance of specific microclimate conditions, the importance of which increases in seasonal areas (Horner‐Devine et al, ). Some clades of fruit‐feeding species are strictly associated with forest‐shaded habitats and forage in specific forest vertical strata (DeVries, Murray, & Lande, ; Ribeiro & Freitas, ; Santos, Iserhard, Carreira, & Freitas, ). Fleshy fruits and organic matter, whose accumulation depends on the presence of forest cover, are important food sources for the adults of fruit‐feeding species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of landscape modification on species richness patterns of fruit‐feeding butterflies in Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Santos

Sobral‐Souza

Brown

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim:To assess the distributional patterns of fruit-feeding butterfly species richness in Atlantic Forest (AF) based on stack species distribution models (SSDM); to evaluate the relative contribution of climate and landscape in the patterns of butterfly species richness; and to recommend conservation guidelines for AF regions based on the obtained results.Location: Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Methods:We used SSDMs to generate potential distribution maps of butterfly species richness in AF. Our dataset comprises 7,062 records of 279 species, distributed across 122 local communities. We built richness maps based on climate and landscape models and analysed them separately to understand their contribution to the pattern of richness distribution. Then, we combined both models to build a consensus map. Finally, we designed specific conservation strategies based on richness categories distributed on the consensus map. Results:The regions with high-predicted species richness for both climate and landscape models supported the main endemism locations described for other AF taxa in previous studies. Both models predicted intermediate values of species richness for most regions, but the patterns of richness distribution were not fully congruent.High species richness based on landscape metrics was frequently concentrated in the south. Furthermore, locations suitable for high species richness according to climate are near to the endemism centres, but also to dense urban centres, highlighting the potential impacts of the landscape modification on butterfly species richness.Main conclusions: The distribution of fruit-feeding butterfly species richness and endemism reflect the classic division of AF in different sub-regions according to the endemism centres proposed by previous authors for other taxa. The availability of forested habitats seems to be a determining factor for the maintenance of high species richness in AF. Therefore, the loss of natural forest remnants due to landscape modification is the primary threat to butterfly diversity. | 197SANTOS eT Al.

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“…They are fast flyers, usually associated with the forest canopy (Ribeiro & Freitas ; Santos et al . ), making them difficult to observe in the field. Therefore, little is known about their biology and behaviour (Pyrcz & Neild ), and the immature stages of only a few species have been described (Beccaloni et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most species, the dorsal surface of the wing is a dark brown ground colour with shining blue, purple, or green patches, and the ventral surface is cryptically patterned, resembling dry leaves when perching with wings closed. They are fast flyers, usually associated with the forest canopy (Ribeiro & Freitas 2012;Santos et al 2017), making them difficult to observe in the field. Therefore, little is known about their biology and behaviour (Pyrcz & Neild 1996), and the immature stages of only a few species have been described (Beccaloni et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Memphis: A comprehensive and comparative description of the immature stages and natural history of Memphis acidalia victoria (H. Druce, 1877; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

et al. 2019

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Memphis Hübner (1819) is the most species‐rich genus among the Neotropical Charaxinae, occurring from southern United States to Argentina. Memphis acidalia (Hübner, 1819; Anaeini), a common and widespread species distributed in all of South America east of the Andes, is part of a complex of superficially similar, and supposedly related, species with high intraspecific variability. Immature stages are fundamental sources of information for Anaeini taxonomy; however, knowledge on immature stages of Memphis is incomplete. Thus, we describe the immature external morphology, biology and behaviour, plus the chaetotaxy of the first instar of M. acidalia victoria (H. Druce, 1877) and provide distinguishing characteristics of its life stages from those of similar sympatric species, namely. Memphis moruus (Fabricius, 1775), Memphis editha (Comstock, 1961), Memphis philumena (Doubleday, 1849) and Memphis oenomais (Boisduval, 1870). In general, the immature stages are similar to other “moruus‐type'' species of Memphis, differing from other species mostly on the co lour patterns of the fifth instar and pupa.

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Monitoring fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in two vertical strata in seasonal Atlantic Forest: temporal species turnover is lower in the canopy

Cited by 35 publications

References 55 publications

Equal but different: Natural ecotones are dissimilar to anthropic edges

Equal but different: Natural ecotones are dissimilar to anthropic edges

Effects of landscape modification on species richness patterns of fruit‐feeding butterflies in Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Identifying Memphis: A comprehensive and comparative description of the immature stages and natural history of Memphis acidalia victoria (H. Druce, 1877; Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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